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Psychology
Research Methods
Selection of Inferential Statistics
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Created by
Lexie
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Cards (9)
Levels of measurement= the type of
data
we correct in the study (the
dependent
variable).
Nominal Data:
Is in
categories
- means it can only be measured by
frequency
Cannot be
ordered
(it's either in the category or not- completed a marathon or didn't).
Use
mode
to calculate the measure of central
tendency.
Ordinal Data:
Is
ranked
, you can count and order
ordinal
data, eg group of runners: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Use
median
Interval Data:
Has
equal
units of intervals throughout the scale
Usually on a standardised
scale
, eg time, temperature,
weight
, length etc
Example: the time in seconds racers finish the run
Use
mean
Choosing the correct test:
Is the study looking at a
difference
or a
relationship
? ie an
experiment
or a
correlation
.
If it's a difference, then what is the experimental
design
? ie
repeated
measures or independent
groups
.
What is the level of
measurement
produced? ie
nominal
,
ordinal
,
interval
.
Calculated value= the number you have
calculated
from your data set after using a
statistical
test.
Critical value= the number we compare our
calculated
value against to see if our results were
significant
(located in a table of critical values).
Level of
significance
(eg P<0.05)
One-tailed or two-tailed (hypothesis
directional
or non-directional)
Number
of participants (N), maybe degrees of
freedom
too (N-1)
Our calculated value needs to be
greater
than or less than the
critical
value.
The Sign Test:
One or two-tailed
hypothesis
& how many PPs were used.
Work out of the change between each
condition
is positive or negative.
Count
up all the + & - (= values get left out which
alters
number of PPs).
Take the
total
of the
less
frequent sign as your calculated s value.
Compare calculated s value to the
critical
value & conclude (calculated value greater than/ less than critical value).