Insanity

• What must D prove to rely on the insanity defense?

  He was insane at the time of the offence
• What are the M'Naghten Rules from 1843 regarding insanity?

  D must prove a defect of reason caused by a disease of the mind
• What does "defect of reason" mean in the context of insanity?

  Inability to use powers of reason
• What case established that confusion or absent-mindedness does not equate to insanity?

  Clarke
• What constitutes a "disease of the mind" in legal terms?

  A legal term covering any mental malfunction
• Can a disease of the mind be temporary?

  Yes, it can be permanent or temporary
• What is an example of a condition that can be classified as a disease of the mind?

  Brain tumour
• What condition did the case Kemp relate to?

  Arteriosclerosis
• What did the case Sullivan establish regarding epilepsy?

  A minor epileptic fit can amount to insanity
• What did the case Burgess relate to in terms of insanity?

  Sleepwalking caused by an internal factor
• What condition did the case Hennessy relate to?

  Hyperglycaemia
• What does "nature and quality of acts" refer to in the context of insanity?

  The physical quality of the act
• What is an example of an automatic state in the context of insanity?

  Conduct involuntary due to unconsciousness
• What does it mean if D is conscious but does not understand his actions?

  He may have delusions affecting perception
• What did the case Windle establish regarding the defendant's knowledge?

  D knew both the nature and quality of his act
• What happens if insanity is proved in court?

  D receives a special verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity
• What options does the court have after a special verdict of insanity?

  Impose a hospital order or supervision order
• What must happen for murder cases involving insanity?

  A hospital order restricting discharge indefinitely