raws

• reading - a process in which you review letters and words printed on a text or flashed on the screen and try to make meaning out of them.
• writing - the process of encoding or using symbols to communicate thoughts, ideas in readable form
• text - anything that conveys a set of meanings to the person who examines it.
• discourse - an extended expression of thoughts or ideas such as utterance, talk, speech, discussion, conversation, etc. that do not have a particular structure
• types of text as connected discourse : reading, writing, text, discourse
• Previewing – looking at the readily visible parts of the text, like titles and subtitles, visuals and graphs, pictures, and charts.
• Skimming - means physically moving the eyes rapidly along the page and tracing the finger along the lines of the text to speed up the reading and get the main point of the text.
• Scanning - means looking for a specific information and having an idea of the details to look for.
• types of Effective Reading Strategies: previewing, skimming, scanning
• Context Clues - are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.
• Synonyms - used when the text has words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word.
• Antonyms – words that reveal the opposite meaning in relation to the unknown word in the text.
• Examples - specific details in a text that are used to clarify the meaning of a word.
• Definition/Explanation – explanations that may be given as clues to describe an unknown term.
• Situation - the situation in which word is used can also be helpful in determining the meaning of that word
• Types of Context Clues : synonyms, antonyms, examples, definition/explanation, situation
• Brainstorming - a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members.
• Brainwriting - writing down ideas about a particular question or a problem on a piece of paper instead of talking to one another
• Figuring Storming - “putting yourself in someone else’s shoes” to practice.
• Online Brainstorming – the use of different collaboration tools found on the internet to connect and gather necessary information
• Rapid Ideation – a completely customizable activity to meet the target of the team and come up with as many information as they can in a given time limit.
• Round Robin – forming a circle to discuss ideas one by one until everyone has their turn.
• Starbursting - focuses on the questions rather than answers. It challenges the members of the group to come up with as many questions as they can about the topic
• Stepladder – a technique that encourages a shy group of people to discuss their ideas in a more private way by occupying the whole room one-by-one until everyone was able to share their ideas inside the room.
• seven ways to brainstorm : brainwriting, figuring storming, online brainstorming, rapid ideation, round robin, starbursting, stepladder
• Graphic Organizers - the use of pictures, shapes, and lines to help make clear connections of ideas.
• Time Pattern Organizer - used when ideas in text need to be arranged in chronological order such as in stories and procedures
• Space Pattern Organizer - commonly used in descriptions to show how an object appears in space (e.g., from top to bottom, left to right, etc.).
• Listing Pattern Organizer - used when the author provides a series of details that does not require any order.
• Classification Pattern Organizer - used when there is a large body of information that needs to be divided into smaller groups to show its relationships.
• Comparison and Contrast Pattern Organizer - used to show the similarities and differences of two or more subjects
• Cause and effect Pattern Organizer - used when the author intends to express why something happened or what resulted from a particular event that happened.
• Generalization and Example Pattern Organizer - used when the author explains a general idea and discusses it in specific terms using examples.
• Definition Pattern Organizer - used to familiarize oneself when the author provides a meaning of a new or difficult word.
• Problem-Solution Pattern Organizer - used to give a better visualization of the problem and show the different possible solutions to it
• Patterns of Development – structures that writers use to organize their ideas in a text.
• Narration – A narrative is a story that tells what happened in a chronological sequence of events. It also contains the elements of drama and tension such as SETTING, CHARACTERS, PLOT, and POINT OF VIEW.
• Description – It gives information of what a person, an object, a place, or a situation is like. It appeals to the reader’s senses for effective describing of any object or person
• two ways of describing : objective description and subjective description
• Objective Description - relies on the physical aspects of the subject to appeal for those who crave facts