medieval

• • medieval= 1250-1500
  • renaissance= 1500-1700
  • industrial= 1700-1900
  • modern= 1900-present
• what type of disease were common due to open fires?

  lung disease
• what percentage of the population died before adulthood in medieval England?

  50%
• in medieval England there was a lack of what knowledge?

  scientific
• who wrote books during this time period?

  hippocrates and galen
• which institution promoted the ideas of Galen and Hippocrates?

  catholic church
• why did the church tell people they got ill?

  god sent it as a punishment for sinful behaviour
• what disease hit England in medieval and how did this influence ideas on the cause of disease?

  the Black Death and people began to question authority of catholic church
• what year did the black death come to England?

  1348
• who controlled all medical knowledge?

  the church
• less people were educated and what did this mean?

  medicine took longer to develop
• no one challenged the churches medical ideas
• when did printing come to England?

  1470s
• who provided basic medical care?

  monks and nuns
• what was a supernatural reason for disease?

  astrology
• who was hippocrates the founder of?

  modern medicine
• what were the 4 humours?

  • blood
  • phlegm
  • black bile
  • yellow bile
• what is purging?

  forcing someone to be sick
• what did Galen use to understand the body?

  anatomy
• why would people believe Galen and Hippocrates?

  they could physically see the phlegm and blood ect. so they assumed it was logical
• where was Hippocrates from?

  ancient Greece
• what did Hippocrates do to patients?

  observe their symptoms
• what did Hippocrates believe?

  if the four humours became unbalanced you became ill so all the humours must be balanced and equal
• what did Galen believe?

  the theory of opposites
• where was Galen from?

  ancient rome
• what did Galen suggest?

  too much phlegm was linked to the cold and water and could be cured by eating hot peppers
• where did Galen suggest blood was generated?

  liver
• what were 3 reasons that the four humours was so popular?

  • influence of the church
  • lack of reading
  • lack of alternatives
• who made dissections illegal?

  the church
• why were Galens ideas preserved?

  if a criminals body was allowed to be dissected the physician would sit far away while reading the works of Galen while a barber surgeon cut up the body
• what would happen if a criminals body when dissected didn't match up with Galens ideas?

  it was justified as it was a criminal and therefore they were imperfect
• why did attitudes in society lead to continuity of ideas about the cause of disease?

  • didn't want to risk going to hell as they had a strong belief in god
  • physicians who didn't follow old ideas couldn't find work as a good physician followed the theory of opposites
• why did the church lead to continuity of ideas about the cause of disease?

  • wanted to keep things as they were
  • controlled medical learning as they chose which books to distribute and copy
  • liked the four humours as it fitted with their views
  • discouraged Galen and four humours criticism
  • controlled medical learning in universities
• why did science and technology lead to continuity of ideas about the cause of disease?

  • lack of knowledge
  • physicians and medical students tried to make new discoveries fit old ideas instead of experimenting
  • printing press was made in germany in 1440s but had no impact in england
  • dissections were illegal
• why did Galen lead to continuity of ideas about the cause of disease?

  • Galen thought the body was designed for a purpose and was meant to work together which fitted church ideas
  • good physicians were portrayed as ones who read more books not treat more patients
• what does treatment mean?

  medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury
• what does prevention mean?

  being able to or trying to stop something from happening
• what techniques did barber surgeons use?

  leeching and bleeding
• why could bleeding and leeching be fatal?

  blood loss
• what are supernatural treatments in medieval England?

  • praying to god to help with illness
  • 'kings touch' was said to have healing powers
  • lighting a candle as tall as you
  • an offering at a shrine (an image of the body part you wanted to heal)
  • using charms to amulets to heal and ward off disease