Transition Metals and Nano Particles C5

• What are transition metals?

  Elements that can form multiple charged ions
• Why do transition metals have variable charges?

  They can lose different numbers of electrons
• What ions can copper form?

  Cu+ or Cu2+
• What ions can manganese form?

  Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, Mn6+, or Mn7+
• How is the charge of an ion indicated in a compound?

  By roman numerals in brackets
• What does manganese(II) sulfate contain?

  The Mn2+ ion
• What units are used to measure particle size?

  Different units and scales
• What is the size of a grain of sand?

  0.1 mm
• What is the standard form for a grain of sand?

  1 × 10−3 m
• What is the size of coarse particles (e.g. dust)?

  10 µm
• What is the standard form for coarse particles?

  1 × 10−5 m
• What is the size of fine particles?

  100 nm
• What is the standard form for fine particles?

  1 × 10−7 m
• What is the size range for nanoparticles?

  1 to 100 nm
• What is the standard form for nanoparticles?

  1 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−7 m
• What does PM stand for in particle measurement?

  Particulate matter
• What is the significance of the surface area-to-volume ratio in nanoparticles?

  • High surface area-to-volume ratio
  • Causes different properties compared to bulk materials
• What are some uses of nanoparticles?

  • Healthcare
  • Electronics
  • Cosmetics
  • Catalysts
• Why is further research on nanoparticles important?

  They may be hazardous to health and ecosystems