Cardiovascular disease

• What is cardiovascular disease?

  A disease affecting the heart and blood vessels
• What is an atheroma?

  A deposit of fatty material in arteries
• What materials contribute to atheroma formation?

  Fatty material, dead cells, and white blood cells
• How does an atheroma affect the artery?

  It narrows the lumen space of the artery
• What are the factors for cardiovascular disease?

  • Aneurysm
  • Thrombosis
  • Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  • Cigarette smoking
• What is myocardial infarction commonly known as?

  Heart attack
• How does cigarette smoking contribute to cardiovascular disease?

  It introduces carbon monoxide into the bloodstream
• What is the effect of carbon monoxide from smoking on cardiovascular health?

  It binds to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport
• What are the effects of an atheroma on an artery?

  • Narrows the artery lumen
  • Reduces blood flow
  • Increases risk of thrombosis
• How does high blood pressure increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

  It puts extra strain on the heart and arteries
• Name one risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can be controlled.

  Cigarette smoking
• Name one risk factor for cardiovascular disease that cannot be controlled.

  Age
• What are the key points regarding the trend of cardiovascular disease risk factors?

  • Higher intake correlates with more cases
  • Public encouraged to reduce exposure
  • Data interpretation is crucial
• What is the significance of conflicting evidence in cardiovascular disease research?

  It complicates understanding risk factors
• What is the purpose of practice questions in studying cardiovascular disease?

  To reinforce knowledge and understanding
• What is the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk?

  Higher blood pressure increases disease risk
• What is the role of the lumen in an artery?

  It is the space through which blood flows