Cognitive

• What does cognitive psychology assume about mental processes?

  Mental processes can be investigated scientifically
• What is the role of models in cognitive psychology?

  Models propose psychological functions for research
• How do cognitive psychologists test their models?

  By testing observable behaviour and conscious report
• What do cognitive processes do with information?

  They actively organise and manipulate information
• What is the S-O-R model in cognitive psychology?

  Stimulus-Organism-Response model
• What does the information processing approach focus on?

  The flow of information through the mind
• How do cognitive psychologists compare the human mind?

  With the workings of a computer
• What are the major areas of cognitive psychology?

  Perception, attention, memory, and language
• What does perception involve in cognitive psychology?

  Interpreting and understanding sensory information
• What distinguishes selective attention from divided attention?

  Selective attention responds to one input
• What is memory in cognitive psychology?

  How we store and retrieve information
• Why is language important in cognitive psychology?

  It bridges cognitive and social psychology
• How does Broadbent's model conceptualize attention?

  As a limited capacity information processing system
• What are the stages of problem-solving according to Bourne et al.?

  Defining, generating, and evaluating solutions
• What is the purpose of heuristics in problem-solving?

  To reduce the number of steps needed
• What is the backward heuristic in problem-solving?

  Working from the goal to the beginning
• What is a strength of the cognitive approach?

  It emphasizes mediational processes like perception
• What is a limitation of cognitive theories?

  There is no single coherent theory
• Why do some psychologists criticize the information processing metaphor?

  It compares humans to machines, which offends some
• What fundamental difference exists between humans and computers?

  People forget, while computers do not
• How does the cognitive approach view problem-solving strategies?

  They depend on knowledge already available
• What are the key components of the information processing approach?

  • Input: stimuli received
  • Processes: storage and related processes
  • Output: response generated
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

  Strengths:

  • Emphasizes mediational processes
  • Provides practical insights for memory and problem-solving

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • No single coherent theory
  • Compares humans to machines
  • Fails to recognize emotional aspects