lesson 11 & 12: biology

• cell


  basic unit of life on Earth
• famous personalities for microscope:

  1. Jans Jansen
  2. Zahcharias Jansen
  3. Hans Lippershey
• Athanasius Kircher


  observed maggots
• Jan Swammerdam


  observed frog embryos
• Hobert Hooke


  • observed cells from cork
  • called them ''cella'' means small room
  • saw cell walls - boundaries in each cell
• Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek


  • observed ''animalcules'' means small animals
  • protozoans, sperm cells, and other microorganisms
• John Tuberville Needham


  ''How microorganisms emerge?''
• Robert Brown


  • Observed the nucleus of the cell
  • Nucleus - where DNA is located
• Matthias Schleiden


  studied plant cells
• Theodore Schwann


  studied animal cells
• "Cells come from pre-existing cells"

  1. Robert Remak
  2. Rudolf Virchow
  3. Albert Kolliker
• Albert Kolliker


  Coined the term "Cytoplasm"
• Carl Benda


  Discovered Mitochondrion
• Camilo Golgi


  Discovered Golgi Apparatus
• 4.5 billion 


  how many years old is Earth?
• bacteria


  is the first life form to emerge
• Cyanobacteria


  filled the atmosphere with oxygen
• Cell theory


  • Cell is the basic unit of life
  • All organisms are made of cells
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
• Theory of Special Creation 


  • Theological doctrine
  • Written in Bible under book of Genesis
  • God made the universe in 6 days
• Cosmozoic/Panspermia Theory 


  • Life emerges in the form of spores.
  • Earth was bombarded with meteorites for its first 1 billion years.
  • Meteorites reached the Earth is full of spores which grew into organisms
• Abiogenesis Theory


  • Organisms arise from nonliving components.
  • Plants and animals rose from mud.
• Biogenesis Theory


  • Proposed by Francesco Redi
  • Verified if flies came from mud
  • Saw that fly eggs in mud are small.
  • Flies drog their egg in decomposing meat, later on became maggots.
• Urey-Miller hypothesis


  • Early Earth’s atmosphere econtains methane, water vapor, and other gases
  • When lightning discharges to these molecules, biomolecules form.
  • Biomolecules then deposited in ocean for it to assemble and undergo reproduction.