Breast cancer

• What are some genetic risk factors for breast cancer?


  BRCA1

  BRCA2
• What familial link can increase the chance of having breast cancer?


  First degree relative - mother, sister, daughter
• What are some hormonal risk factors for breast cancer?


  Prolonged exposure to oestrogen

  COC pill

  Hormone replacement
• Lable the breast anatomy

  A) Chest wall

  B) Pectoralis muscles

  C) Lobules

  D) Nipple

  E) Areola

  F) Milk duct

  G) Fat

  H) Skin

  
• Where do most breast cancers arise from?


  Duct tissue
• What is a duct tissue cancer called?

  Ductal carcinoma
• What is a lobular tissue cancer called?

  Lobular carcinoma
• What are the most common types of breast cancer?

  Invasive ductal carcinoma (No special type)

  Invasive lobular carcinoma

  Ductal cardinoma in situ

  Lobular carcinoma in situ
• How does Paget's disease of the nipple present?


  Eczematoid change of the nipple
• What are some symptoms of breast cancer?


  Lump

  Skin changes

  Nipple changes

  Axillary lymphandenopathy

  Chest wall invasion
• What are some common metastases from breast cancer?


  Bone

  Lung

  Liver

  Brain
• How can inflammatory breast cancer present?


  Rapid onset erythema

  Oedema

  No lump

  Orange peel appearance
• Fill in the malignant characteristics

  A) Hard

  B) Painless

  C) Irregular

  D) Fixed

  E) Skin dimpling

  F) Bloody

  G) Nipple retraction

  
• Fill in the benign characteristics

  A) Firm

  B) Painful

  C) Regular

  D) Mobile

  E) No skin dimpling

  F) Green/yellow

  G) No nipple retraction

  
• Where is virchows node located?

  Left supraclavicular
• What is the gold standard for breast cancer imaging?


  Mammography
• What imaging is used for breast cancer examination?


  Mammography

  Ultrasound

  MRI
• When is an MRI preferable for breast cancer exams?


  Dense/smaller breasts
• Which is more likely to be malignant?


  Right

  
• What are some examples of tissue sampling for breast cancer?


  Fine needle aspiration

  Core biopsy

  Surgical biopsy
• What are some ddx for breast cancers?


  Fibroadenoma

  Mastitis
• What are fibroadenomas?


  Benign breast tumors
• How do fibroadenomas present?


  Smooth, round, mobile mass
• How is breast cancer managed?


  Surgery

  Radiotherapy

  Hormone therapy

  Biological therapy

  Chemotherapy
• What medication is used for ER +ve breast cancer in post-menopausal women?

  Aromatase inhibitors (e.g. letrozole)