HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Neuroglia can cause glioma, a highly malignant brain tumor.
• The nervous system controls the glands of the endocrine system.
• The nervous system has three basic functions: sensory, integrative, and motor.
• The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
• The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
• The PNS is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
• The somatic nervous system connects to skeletal muscles and functions voluntarily.
• The autonomic nervous system regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and other glands involuntarily.
• The brain controls most reactions and processes signals from different parts of the body.
• Frontal lobe - controls voluntary motor functions, moods, and sense of smell
• Parietal lobe - controls senses such as touch and taste, pain, body temperature, and balance
• Occipital lobe - controls sense of sight
• Temporal lobe - controls sense of smell and hearing, has a role in memory
• Cerebrum - controls reading, writing, speaking, mathematical and musical skills, and memory
• Cerebellum - helps coordinate muscle contractions and regulates body posture and balance
• Brain stem - connects the brain and spinal cord, consists of medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons
• Medulla oblongata - associated with heartbeat, breathing, sensations, and reflex control
• Midbrain - coordinates muscular movements, reflexes, and eye/head/neck movements
• Pons - connects different parts of the brain and helps control breathing
• Neurons have three parts - cell body, dendrites, and axon
• Sensory neurons carry impulses towards the central nervous system (CNS)
• Motor neurons carry impulses away from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
• Relay neurons or interneurons are responsible for processing sensory information and transmitting responses to motor neurons

  Note: The text contains additional information about the brain and neurons, but only the key information has been summarized here.
• Neuroglia, also known as glia or glial cells, are found in the CNS and their main function is to connect nervous tissues together.
• Neuroglia are smaller than neurons but more numerous (5-25 times).
• Neuroglia cannot transmit nerve impulses.
• Neuroglia can replace neurons in cases of injuries or diseases.
• Disorders of the nervous system include Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, poliomyelitis, Myotonic dystrophy, and cerebrovascular accident (stroke).
• lateralization- wherein one hemisphere of the brain is dominant in certain functions.
• brain is an important part of the nervous system. It controls most of the reactions given by your body. It also processes most of the signals that it receives from the different parts of the body.
• Left hemisphere – controls the left side of the body; controls different skills such as speaking, writing, numerical, and scientific skills, as well as sign language and reasoning
• Right Hemisphere- controls the right side of the body; related to spatial intelligence, pattern and face recognition, as well as musical ability
• Neuron has the ability change a stimulus into an impulse or an electric signal that travels in it
• A stimulus is a change in the environment that causes one to initiate an impulse
• cell body contains the nucleus and other cell organelles
• dendrites are the receiving parts of the neuron.
• axon transmits impulses to another neuron.
• Neuroglia can cause glioma, a highly malignant brain tumor that grows rapidly
• somatic nervous system (SNS) includes the motor nerves that connect to the skeletal muscles that function voluntarily. This contains the spinal nerves, which connect the central nervous system to other parts such as the sensory receptor, the muscles, and the body glands; and the cranial nerves, which are responsible for many functions such as smell, sight, chewing, taste, hearing, and even the movement of the tongue, the upper eyelids and the eyeballs, the head, and the shoulders. The cranial nerves are located in the brain
• autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the smooth and cardiac muscles as well as other glands. It works involuntarily, which means that it functions independently and is not consciously controlled