Depression

• according to the DSM-5, what are the categories of depression?

  ->major depressive disorder

  ->persistent depressive disorder

  ->disruptive mood dys-regulation disorder

  ->premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• define depressive disorder


  severe but often short-depression
• define persistent depressive disorder

  ->long-term or recurring depression, including sustained major depression and what used to be called dysthymia
• define disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

  childhood temper tantrums
• define premenstrual dysphoric disorder

  disruption to mood prior to and/ or during menstruation
• what are the behavioural aspects of depression?

  ->activity levels

  ->disruption to sleep &eating behaviour

  ->aggression and self-harm
• what happens to the activity levels of someone suffering from depression?

  ->they have reduced levels of energy, making them lethargic

  ->they tend to withdraw from work, education and social life
• how is a person's sleeping and eating behaviour disrupted due to depression?

  ->sufferers may experience reduced sleep (insomnia), particularly premature waking and increased need for sleep (hypersomnia)

  ->appetite may decrease or increase
• how is a person suffering from depression prone to aggression and self-harm?

  ->the sufferers are often irritable and in some cases they can become verbally or physically aggressive

  ->e.g, they may display verbal aggression by ending a relationship

  ->sometimes physical aggression directed against themselves (self-induced harm), cutting and suicide attempts
• what are the emotional aspects of depression?

  ->lowered mood

  ->anger- experience extreme anger which could be directed to themselves or others and can lead to self-harming behaviours

  ->lowered self-esteem- they can have extremely low self-esteem and go through a sense of self-loathing
• what are the cognitive aspects of depression?

  ->poor concentration- they may find it hard to make straightforward decisions that didn't pose as a challenge to them before

  ->attending to and dwelling on the negative- they are more inclined to pay attention to negative aspects of a situation and ignore the positives

  ->absolutist thinking- they tend to have 'black and white' thinking- when a situation is unfortunate, they tend to see it as a disaster