Mechanism Summary

Cards (21)

  • What is the essential condition for the initiation step of free radical substitution with bromine?
    UV light
  • What is produced in the initiation step of free radical substitution with bromine?
    2Br . (bromine radicals)
  • What is the product of the reaction between CH3CH3 and Br. in the propagation step?
    HBr and CH3CH2.
  • What are the mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution for halogenoalkanes?
    • With aqueous hydroxide ions
    • With cyanide ions
    • With ammonia
  • How does the termination step of free radical substitution occur?
    By combining radicals to form stable products
  • What are the mechanisms of elimination for halogenoalkanes?
    • With ethanolic hydroxide ions
  • What are the mechanisms of electrophilic addition for alkenes?
    • With bromine
    • With hydrogen bromide
    • With sulfuric acid
  • What is the product of acid-catalyzed elimination of alcohols?
    Alkenes
  • What does the H+ in acid-catalyzed elimination come from?
    Concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4
  • What is the mechanism for the hydration of ethene?
    • Acid-catalyzed addition
    • H+ comes from concentrated H3PO4
  • What is the condition for nucleophilic substitution with alcoholic NH3?
    Heat under pressure
  • What is the oxidizing agent used for the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes?
    K2Cr2O7/H+
  • What is the condition for oxidation using K2Cr2O7?
    Heat under reflux with excess oxidizing agent
  • What are the types of compounds involved in nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions?
    • Amine
    • Alkane
    • Halogenoalkane
    • Alkene
    • Alcohol
    • Ketone
    • Aldehyde
    • Carboxylic acid
    • Diol
    • Dihalogenoalkane
  • What is the solvent used in nucleophilic substitution with KCN?
    Ethanol/water mixture
  • What type of reaction is free radical substitution with bromine?
    Free radical substitution
  • How does the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution differ from elimination reactions?
    Nucleophilic substitution replaces a group, elimination removes it
  • What is the product of the reaction between CH3CH2. and Br2 in the propagation step?
    CH3CH2Br and Br.
  • What is the role of H+ in acid-catalyzed reactions?
    It acts as a catalyst
  • What is the result of nucleophilic substitution with KOH aqueous under reflux?
    Formation of alcohols
  • How do the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions differ from those with ethanolic hydroxide ions?
    Aqueous requires water, ethanolic uses ethanol