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Chemistry
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Mechanism Summary
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Ruby M
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Cards (21)
What is the essential condition for the initiation step of free radical substitution with bromine?
UV light
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What is produced in the initiation step of free radical substitution with bromine?
2Br
. (bromine radicals)
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What is the product of the reaction between CH3CH3 and Br. in the propagation step?
HBr and
CH3CH2
.
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What are the mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution for halogenoalkanes?
With aqueous hydroxide ions
With cyanide ions
With ammonia
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How does the termination step of free radical substitution occur?
By combining
radicals
to form
stable products
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What are the mechanisms of elimination for halogenoalkanes?
With
ethanolic
hydroxide
ions
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What are the mechanisms of electrophilic addition for alkenes?
With
bromine
With
hydrogen bromide
With
sulfuric acid
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What is the product of acid-catalyzed elimination of alcohols?
Alkenes
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What does the H+ in acid-catalyzed elimination come from?
Concentrated
H2SO4
or
H3PO4
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What is the mechanism for the hydration of ethene?
Acid-catalyzed addition
H+ comes from concentrated
H3PO4
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What is the condition for nucleophilic substitution with alcoholic NH3?
Heat under pressure
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What is the oxidizing agent used for the oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes?
K2Cr2O7
/
H+
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What is the condition for oxidation using K2Cr2O7?
Heat under
reflux
with
excess
oxidizing agent
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What are the types of compounds involved in nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions?
Amine
Alkane
Halogenoalkane
Alkene
Alcohol
Ketone
Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
Diol
Dihalogenoalkane
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What is the solvent used in nucleophilic substitution with KCN?
Ethanol
/water mixture
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What type of reaction is free radical substitution with bromine?
Free
radical
substitution
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How does the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution differ from elimination reactions?
Nucleophilic substitution replaces a
group
, elimination removes it
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What is the product of the reaction between CH3CH2. and Br2 in the propagation step?
CH3CH2Br
and Br.
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What is the role of H+ in acid-catalyzed reactions?
It acts as a
catalyst
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What is the result of nucleophilic substitution with KOH aqueous under reflux?
Formation of
alcohols
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How do the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions differ from those with ethanolic hydroxide ions?
Aqueous requires
water
, ethanolic uses ethanol
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