vibrio

• What family does Vibrionaceae belong to?

  Non-Enteric Gastrointestinal Pathogen
• Why is Vibrionaceae not part of Enterobacteriaceae?

  Because Vibrionaceae is oxidase (+)
• What is the natural habitat of Vibrionaceae?

  Water
• Where is Vibrionaceae commonly found?

  In brackish or salt water
• What shape is Vibrionaceae?

  Comma/curved bacillus
• What type of anaerobe is Vibrionaceae?

  Short, facultative anaerobe
• What does Vibrionaceae ferment?

  Glucose
• What does NLF stand for in relation to Vibrionaceae?

  Non-lactose fermenter
• What does Vibrionaceae reduce nitrates to?

  Nitrites
• Which Vibrionaceae species does not reduce nitrates?

  1. metschnikovii
• What is the result of the string test for Vibrionaceae?

  String test (+)
• How is Vibrionaceae motile?

  Monotrichous
• What is the halophilic characteristic of Vibrionaceae?

  Halophilic except V. cholerae and V. mimicus
• What ability do Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus have?

  Ability to swarm in solid media
• What does a positive string test indicate?

  Formation of stringlike structures
• What is the reagent used in the string test?

  0.5% sodium deoxycholate
• What does a positive string test result indicate about Vibrio species?

  Differentiates Vibrio from Aeromonas species
• What risk factors are associated with Vibrio infections?

  Foreign travel and contact with water
• What is the main symptom of cholera?

  Rice watery stool
• What is the transport medium for Vibrio cholerae?

  Cary blair
• What is the enrichment medium for Vibrio cholerae?

  Alkaline peptone water
• What are the culture media used for Vibrio cholerae?

  • Tellurite Taurocholate Gelatin Agar (TTGA)
  • BAP: Smooth, medium to large colonies with a greenish hue
  • Thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar (TCBS):
  • pH of 8.6
  • Sucrose fermenter: yellow
  • Non-sucrose fermenter: green
• What are the subgroups of Vibrio cholerae?

  1. cholerae 01, V. cholerae 0139, Non 01
• What is the virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae?

  Cholera toxin (choleragen 01&0139)
• What is the main cause of cholera?

  Consuming contaminated seafood
• What is the treatment for cholera?

  Doxycycline
• What is the Kanagawa phenomenon associated with?

  Hemolysis on Wagatsuma agar
• What is the main symptom of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection?

  Diarrhea
• What is the distinguishing feature of Vibrio vulnificus?

  Causes wound infections from raw oysters
• What is the treatment for Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection?

  Restoration of fluid and electrolytes
• What is the characteristic of V. alginolyticus?

  Common inhabitant of marine environment
• What is the main cause of food poisoning by V. fluvialis?

  Ingestion of contaminated seafood
• What is the characteristic of V. mimicus?

  Non-halophilic and sucrose (-)
• What are the distinguishing features of Vibrio species groups?


  • Group 1: V. cholerae & V. mimicus: (+) growth in 0% NaCl
  • Group 2: V. metschnikovii: Strong (+) in 1-6% NaCl
  • Group 3: V. cicinnatiensis: Strong (+) in myo-inositol fermentation
  • Group 4: Grimontia hollisae: (-) decarboxylase and dihydrolase test
  • Group 5: V. fluvialis, V. Furnisii & Photobacterium damsela: (+) with arginine dihydrolase test
  • Group 6: V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi: Strong (+) with LDG
• What is the biochemical reaction for Vibrio cholerae in TSI and LIA?

  TSI: A/A; LIA: K/K
• What is the pH range required for Vibrio cholerae growth?

  pH 8.5-9.5
• What type of motility does Vibrio cholerae exhibit under microscopy?

  Darting motility or shooting star motility
• What is the significance of the dark field microscopy for Vibrio cholerae?

  Exhibits darting motility
• What is the role of endotoxin in cholera?

  Responsible for cholera symptoms
• What is the role of enterotoxin in cholera?

  Found in chromosomes