2. Reagan

• Who was elected president in 1980?

  Ronald Reagan
• What was Reagan's belief regarding the USA's military and economic power?

  It should be built up and used against the USSR
• What is National Security Decision Directive 75 known as?

  The Reagan doctrine
• How did Reagan view negotiations with the USSR?

  As possible once in a position of strength
• What phrase did Reagan use to describe the Soviet Union in 1983?

  Evil Empire
• Why did Reagan provide military aid to Pakistan?

  Because it bordered Afghanistan
• What economic action did Reagan take in response to martial law in Poland?

  Imposed economic sanctions against the USSR
• What was Reagan's stance on anti-communist forces in Latin America?

  He supported them despite human rights abuses
• What was the target budget for Reagan's defense spending program?

  $1.6 trillion
• What was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) also known as?

  Star Wars
• What missiles did Reagan support NATO in deploying to Europe?

  Pershing II missiles
• How did the USSR perceive the SDI project?

  As a potential first-strike capability
• What was the public reaction in Western Europe to the deployment of Pershing II missiles?

  There were huge demonstrations against it
• What incident in September 1983 escalated tensions between the USA and USSR?

  The shooting down of a Korean airliner
• What event in November 1983 alarmed Reagan regarding the USSR's nuclear forces?

  They were put on high alert during NATO exercises
• What was the significance of Colonel Petrov's actions on September 26, 1983?

  He averted a potential nuclear disaster
• What did Reagan signal in his January 1984 speech?

  His willingness to build a constructive relationship with the USSR
• Who succeeded Brezhnev as the leader of the USSR?

  Andropov and Chernenko
• What reforms did Gorbachev introduce?

  Glasnost and perestroika
• What was Gorbachev's intention with his reforms?

  To preserve communism and reduce military spending
• What significant meetings did Reagan and Gorbachev have?

  Summit meetings at Geneva and Reykjavik
• What was the outcome of the INF Treaty?

  It eliminated Pershing IIs and SS20s
• How did Reagan's military expansion impact the Soviet economy?

  It forced the USSR to wreck its economy
• What did Margaret Thatcher claim about Reagan's approach to the Cold War?

  He won it without firing a shot
• How did Reagan's rhetoric change after Gorbachev's appointment?

  He softened his Cold War rhetoric
• Who were the key aides to Reagan and Gorbachev during negotiations?

  George Shultz and Eduard Shevardnadze