Experimental Designs, Control & Sampling

• What are the three types of experimental designs?

  Independent measures, repeated measures, matched pairs
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of independent measures design?

  Strengths:

  • Reduces order effects
  • Participants only do one condition

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Participant variables may confound results
  • Time-consuming and expensive
• What is a main weakness of independent measures design?

  Participant variables may confound results
• Why is independent measures design considered time-consuming?

  It requires many participants for each condition
• What are the characteristics of repeated measures design?

  • All participants do all conditions
  • Each participant acts as their own control
  • Participants are exposed to all independent variables
• What is a strength of repeated measures design?

  More reliable results due to fewer variables
• What is a weakness of repeated measures design related to order effects?

  Participants may experience fatigue or practice effects
• How do demand characteristics affect repeated measures design?

  Participants may guess the study's aim and alter behavior
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of matched pairs design?

  Strengths:

  • Reduces individual differences
  • Enhances test power

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Time-consuming to pair participants
  • Can be expensive to implement
• What is a key feature of matched pairs design?

  Participants are matched based on specific characteristics
• How does matched pairs design reduce error?

  By matching participants on relevant characteristics
• What is a disadvantage of matched pairs design regarding time?

  Pairing participants can be time-consuming
• Why can matched pairs design be expensive?

  It requires extensive participant matching processes