Chromosomes, genome and migration

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What is DNA made of?

  All of our genetic material
• What type of molecule is DNA?

  A polymer made of similar units
• How many strands does DNA have?

  Two strands
• What shape does DNA form?

  A double helix
• If you unraveled DNA from a single cell, how long would it be?

  Over two meters long
• How is DNA organized in the nucleus?

  Separated into 46 different sections
• What are the tightly coiled sections of DNA called?

  Chromosomes
• How many chromosomes does each human cell have?

  46 chromosomes
• How many different types of chromosomes are there?

  23 different types
• What do we call the pairs of chromosomes?

  Chromosome pairs
• What are the sex chromosomes in humans?

  X and Y chromosomes
• What chromosomes do women have?

  Two X chromosomes
• What chromosomes do men have?

  One X and one Y chromosome
• When do chromosomes appear in an X shape?

  Just before cell division
• What is a gene?

  A small section of DNA coding for protein
• What does a gene code for?

  A particular sequence of amino acids
• How many different types of amino acids are there?

  20 different types
• What determines the type of cell produced?

  The proteins the cell produces
• What protein do red blood cells need to transport oxygen?

  Hemoglobin
• What does the term genome refer to?

  The entire set of genetic material
• How does my genome compare to a stranger's?

  It would be quite different
• How does my genome compare to my parents' genomes?

  It would be more similar
• What is the significance of identifying the complete human genome?

  It helps identify genes linked to diseases
• What is an inherited disease?

  A disease caused by inherited genes
• How can genes affect disease risk?

  They can increase the risk of diseases
• What can doctors do by looking at our genes?

  Choose more effective treatments
• How can genomes help trace human migrations?

  By showing small differences between populations
• What can small differences in genomes tell us?

  When populations separated
• What are the roles of proteins in different cell types?

  • Red blood cells need hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
  • Muscle cells require proteins for muscular contraction.
• What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, genes, and genomes?

  • DNA is the genetic material.
  • Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA sections.
  • Genes are segments of DNA coding for proteins.
  • The genome is the complete set of genetic material.
• What are the implications of understanding the human genome?

  • Identifying genes linked to diseases.
  • Developing better treatments.
  • Tracing human migrations.