Rhythms - Eastern Med

• What is frequency measured in?

  Hertz (Hz)
• How does frequency relate to pitch?

  High frequency equals high pitch
• What factors affect the frequency of a vibrating string?

  Length, tension, and mass
• If a string is shorter, what happens to its frequency?

  It increases
• What happens to frequency if a string is tightened?

  It increases
• How does the mass of a string affect its frequency?

  Lighter string increases frequency
• What is the formula for frequency of a vibrating string?

  f = 1/2L√(T/μ)
• What does amplitude measure in sound?

  Maximum displacement from equilibrium
• How is loudness related to amplitude?

  Greater amplitude equals louder sound
• What is timbre in music?

  Quality or character of sound
• What determines the timbre of a musical instrument?

  Complex mixture of frequencies produced
• What are idiophones?

  • Instruments producing sound by vibrating themselves
  • Examples: cymbals, xylophone, triangle
• What are membranophones?

  • Instruments producing sound by vibrating a stretched membrane
  • Examples: drum, tambourine, bongos
• What are chordophones?

  • Instruments producing sound by vibrating strings
  • Examples: guitar, violin, harp
• What are aerophones?

  • Instruments producing sound by vibrating a column of air
  • Examples: flute, clarinet, trumpet
• What are electrophones?

  • Instruments producing sound electronically
  • Examples: synthesizer, electric guitar
• What are key characteristics of Eastern Mediterranean music?

  • Call and response patterns
  • Improvisation often in 5/8 or 7/8
  • Use of grace notes and pitch bends
• What is the Bouzouki?

  A string instrument similar to a guitar
• How many pairs of strings does the Bouzouki have?

  3 or 4 pairs
• What is the Daph?

  A tambourine with jingles
• What is the Doumbek?

  A drum used in Middle Eastern music
• What are the characteristics of traditional Palestinian music?

  • Instruments: Oud, Zither, Shababa, Doumbek
  • Monophonic or heterophonic texture
  • Use of microtones in scales
• What is the maqsum?

  The most common rhythm pattern in Arabic music
• What instruments are commonly used in Klezmer music?

  Violin, clarinet, double bass, guitar
• What are the main genres of Israeli music?

  • Horah: celebration dance
  • Temani: joyful dance
  • Klezmer: Eastern European roots
• What time signatures are common in Jewish wedding music?

  2/4 or 4/4 time signatures
• What is a characteristic of Klezmer music's rhythm?

  Syncopated and accented beats
• What is the significance of improvisation in Eastern Mediterranean music?

  • Adds variation and interest
  • Often involves changing speed and energy
  • Utilizes techniques like tremolo and slides
• What are the differences between monophonic and heterophonic music?

  • Monophonic: single melodic line
  • Heterophonic: variations of a single melody
• What is the magam system?

  • A system of modes or scales in Arabic music
  • Many scales consist of microtones
• What is the role of percussion in Near Eastern music?

  • Provides rhythm and emphasis
  • Often stands out due to lack of harmony