refers to a group of people who share common territory and culture
culture
refers to the shared and learned way of life
values
refer to the beliefs and actions that most people in society see as important
norms
the expectations or unwritten rules surrounding how someone should behave in a particular situation
cultural diversity
refers to differences in culture
status
refers to how important a person or occupation is seen as in society and the amount of respect they get as a result
roles
refer to the parts that people are expected to play in different situations and how this affects thier behaviour
identity
refers to the idea we have about ourselves and how other people in society see us
sanctions
reactions to peoples behaviour
positive or negative depending on social situation
aim to encourage people to follow social norms, rules and laws
nature vs. nurture debate
nature argument - behaviour is mostly determined by our genetics , we inherit behaviour traits from our parents just like we would eye colour
nurture argument - behaviuor is mostly learned , family teaches children their culture, later in life peer groups, work,schools , the media all influence peoples behaviour
feral children
a human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age and has had very little experience of human care, behaviour and languages
e.g. oxana malaya
socialisation
the process where indaviduals learn the culture, norms and values of thier society
begins in the family but as the indavidual gets older other aspects of thier life impacts them e.g. school
agencies of socialisation
institutions that pass on the culture of a society to its members are known as agencies of socialisation
e.g.
families
education system
peer groups
media
workplace
religion
primary socialisation
thr first stage of socialisation that takes place in infancy
the family is the most important agent of primary socialisation
secondary socialisation
second stage of socialisation
process after early childhood
family continues to have an influence but other agents become increasingly important in shaping our norms and values
gender roles
refer to the expected ways of behaving based on wether someone is male or female
gender roles are learnt through gender socialisation
gender
refers to the differences between masculine and feminine identities
sex
refers to the natural differences between males and females
canalisation
where children are channelled into toys and activities seen as apppropriate for thier sex
modelling
children will imitate their parents and act as they do
social class
is a way of dividing people into groups based on the type of work they do and the money they make
upper class
middle class
working class
ethnicity
means the cultural group that a person belongs to this includes -
nationality
religion
language
way of life
social control
refers to how our behaviour is influenced so that we follow societys norms , values and laws