cell structure

    Cards (22)

    • what is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells 

      prokaryotic are much smaller
      eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, prokaryotes don't
    • what is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of

      peptidoglycan
    • how is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell

      found free within cytoplasm as chromosomal DNA, and plasmid DNA
    • what are plasmids
      small circular loops of DNA found free in cytoplasm
      carry genes that provide genetic advantages
    • what compounds are found in both animal and plant cells (5)

      nucleus
      cytoplasm
      cell membrane
      mitochondria
      ribosomes
    • list the additional compounds found in plant cells (3)
      chloroplasts
      permanent vacuole
      cell wall
    • what are the functions of the nucleus
      control cellular activities and stores genetic information
    • describe the structure of cytoplasm
      fluid component of the cell
      contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients
    • what is the function of cytoplasm
      site of cellular reactions
      transport medium
    • what is the function of the cell membrane
      controls entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell
    • what is the function of ribosomes
      joins amino acids during synthesis of proteins
    • what is the plant cell wall made of

      cellulose
    • what's the function of the cell wall
      provides strength
      prevents cell bursting during osmosis
    • what does the permanent vacuole contain
      cell sap
    • what is the function of chloroplasts
      site of photosynthesis
    • how are sperm cells adapted

      nucleus containing genetic information
      tail enables movement
      mitochondria provides energy
      acrosome contains enzymes that digest egg cell membrane
    • how are nerve cells adapted for their function

      long axon allows electrical impulses to be transmitted
      dendrites connect to and receive impulses
      myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up transmission of impulses
    • how are root hair cells adapted to their function

      large surface area to absorb nutrients and water from soil
      thin walls that don't restrict water absorption
    • how are xylem cells adapted to their function
      no upper or lower margins between cells to provide a continuous route for water to flow
      thick, woody side walls strengthen their structure and prevent collapse
    • how are phloem cells in plants adapted to their function

      sieve plated let dissolved amino acids and sugars to b transported up and down the stem
      companion cells provide energy needed for active transport of substances along the phloem
    • what is cell differentiation
      the process by which cells become specialised
    • why is cell differentiation important

      allows production of different tissues and organ that perform various different vital functions
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