Cards (77)

    • Who identified Anisakiasis in 1960?
      Van Thiel
    • What is Anisakiasis?
      A zoonotic helminth infection from marine fish
    • What type of hosts are humans in Anisakiasis?
      Incidental hosts
    • What are common symptoms of Anisakiasis?
      Mild-severe abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea
    • What family does Anisakiasis belong to?
      Family Anisakidae
    • What are the genera associated with Anisakiasis?
      Anisakis and Pseudoterranova
    • Where does infection with Anisakiasis commonly occur?
      Where raw or inadequately cooked fish is consumed
    • How many reported cases of Anisakiasis are there worldwide?
      Approximately 20,000 cases
    • Which country has the highest occurrence of Anisakiasis?
      Japan
    • What percentage of mackerel is infected in Japan?
      98%
    • What are the types of Anisakiasis?
      Gastric, intestinal, ectopic, gasteroallergic
    • What is the symptom of gastric Anisakiasis?
      Sudden abdominal pain within hours of ingestion
    • How does Anisakis affect the human stomach?
      It penetrates the mucosa due to acidity
    • What is the diagnostic feature of Anisakis?
      3 lobed lips and a ventral boring tooth
    • What is required for the diagnosis of intestinal Anisakiasis?
      Extraction of the larvae
    • What is the effective therapy for Anisakiasis if diagnosed without surgery?
      Albendazole 400–800 mg daily
    • How does the clinical manifestation of Anisakiasis vary?
      Depends on geographical location and species
    • What are the allergic reactions associated with gasteroallergic Anisakiasis?
      Urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis
    • Where is Anisakis allergy common?
      Spain, Italy, Japan, Korea
    • What is the difference between inflammation and allergy in Anisakiasis?
      Eosinophilic inflammation is a defense response
    • What happens to larvae in humans?
      They die within a few days
    • What is the suggested link between Anisakiasis and cancer?
      Granulomas misdiagnosed as gastric cancer
    • What is the prevention method for Anisakiasis?
      Cook above 60°C or blast freeze
    • What factors affect the risk of Anisakiasis?
      Fishing practices and cultural eating habits
    • What are the types of Anisakiasis and their characteristics?
      1. Gastric Anisakiasis: Sudden abdominal pain within hours
      2. Intestinal Anisakiasis: Abdominal pain 48-72 hours post ingestion
      3. Ectopic Anisakiasis: Migration through body cavities
      4. Gasteroallergic Anisakiasis: Allergic reactions like urticaria and anaphylaxis
    • What are the diagnostic methods for Anisakiasis?
      • Gastroscopy for gastric Anisakiasis
      • Surgery for intestinal Anisakiasis
      • Serologic evaluation (e.g., ELISA)
      • Extraction of larvae for diagnosis
    • What are the immune responses associated with Anisakiasis?
      • Eosinophilic inflammation against the parasite
      • Formation of granulomas in the gastrointestinal tract
      • Allergic reactions aiding in parasite expulsion
    • What are the implications of Anisakiasis on public health?
      • Increasing reports of infection globally
      • Linked to cultural changes in food consumption
      • Need for improved diagnostics and prevention strategies
    • What is anisakiasis?
      A seafood-borne parasitic zoonosis
    • Why is awareness and training of health personnel important for anisakiasis?
      It is crucial for accurate diagnosis
    • What is the most common method of preventing anisakiasis?
      Thermal treatment of fish or squid
    • What is required for the development of diagnostic methods for anisakiasis?
      Less invasive and more specific methods
    • What is the relationship between anisakiasis and cancer?
      It needs further clarification
    • What causes anisakiasis?
      Third-stage larvae of *Anisakis* nematodes
    • How do humans become infected with anisakiasis?
      By ingesting infected fish or squid
    • What symptoms can live larvae of *Anisakis* cause?
      Intense pain or allergic symptoms
    • How is anisakiasis diagnosed?
      By endoscopy and larval identification
    • What should patients be warned against after diagnosis of anisakiasis?
      Further consumption of marine fish or squid
    • What temperature and time are required for thermal treatment to prevent anisakiasis?
      ≥60 °C for ≥1 min or -20 °C for >24 h
    • What control measures can help manage anisakiasis?
      • Establish a national register of cases
      • Initiate educational campaigns for the public
      • Train health professionals
      • Implement control measures for fish industry sectors
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