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One health: emerging and re-emerging diseases
Anisakiasis
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Created by
Maya Hanley
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Cards (77)
Who identified Anisakiasis in 1960?
Van Thiel
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What is Anisakiasis?
A
zoonotic
helminth
infection from
marine
fish
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What type of hosts are humans in Anisakiasis?
Incidental
hosts
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What are common symptoms of Anisakiasis?
Mild-severe
abdominal pain
, nausea,
diarrhea
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What family does Anisakiasis belong to?
Family Anisakidae
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What are the genera associated with Anisakiasis?
Anisakis
and
Pseudoterranova
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Where does infection with Anisakiasis commonly occur?
Where raw or inadequately cooked fish is
consumed
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How many reported cases of Anisakiasis are there worldwide?
Approximately
20,000
cases
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Which country has the highest occurrence of Anisakiasis?
Japan
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What percentage of mackerel is infected in Japan?
98%
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What are the types of Anisakiasis?
Gastric
,
intestinal
,
ectopic
,
gasteroallergic
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What is the symptom of gastric Anisakiasis?
Sudden
abdominal pain
within
hours
of ingestion
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How does Anisakis affect the human stomach?
It penetrates the
mucosa
due to
acidity
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What is the diagnostic feature of Anisakis?
3
lobed
lips and a
ventral
boring tooth
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What is required for the diagnosis of intestinal Anisakiasis?
Extraction
of the
larvae
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What is the effective therapy for Anisakiasis if diagnosed without surgery?
Albendazole
400–800
mg daily
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How does the clinical manifestation of Anisakiasis vary?
Depends on
geographical
location and
species
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What are the allergic reactions associated with gasteroallergic Anisakiasis?
Urticaria
,
angioedema
, anaphylaxis
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Where is Anisakis allergy common?
Spain
,
Italy
,
Japan
,
Korea
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What is the difference between inflammation and allergy in Anisakiasis?
Eosinophilic
inflammation
is a defense response
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What happens to larvae in humans?
They
die
within a few
days
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What is the suggested link between Anisakiasis and cancer?
Granulomas misdiagnosed as
gastric cancer
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What is the prevention method for Anisakiasis?
Cook above
60°C
or blast freeze
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What factors affect the risk of Anisakiasis?
Fishing
practices and
cultural
eating habits
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What are the types of Anisakiasis and their characteristics?
Gastric Anisakiasis
: Sudden abdominal pain within hours
Intestinal Anisakiasis
: Abdominal pain
48-72
hours post ingestion
Ectopic Anisakiasis: Migration through
body cavities
Gasteroallergic Anisakiasis:
Allergic reactions
like
urticaria
and
anaphylaxis
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What are the diagnostic methods for Anisakiasis?
Gastroscopy
for
gastric
Anisakiasis
Surgery for
intestinal
Anisakiasis
Serologic
evaluation (e.g.,
ELISA
)
Extraction
of
larvae
for diagnosis
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What are the immune responses associated with Anisakiasis?
Eosinophilic inflammation against the parasite
Formation of granulomas in the gastrointestinal tract
Allergic reactions aiding in parasite expulsion
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What are the implications of Anisakiasis on public health?
Increasing reports of
infection
globally
Linked to cultural changes in food consumption
Need for improved
diagnostics
and
prevention
strategies
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What is anisakiasis?
A seafood-borne parasitic zoonosis
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Why is awareness and training of health personnel important for anisakiasis?
It is crucial for
accurate diagnosis
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What is the most common method of preventing anisakiasis?
Thermal treatment
of
fish
or
squid
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What is required for the development of diagnostic methods for anisakiasis?
Less invasive and more specific methods
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What is the relationship between anisakiasis and cancer?
It needs further clarification
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What causes anisakiasis?
Third-stage
larvae of *
Anisakis
* nematodes
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How do humans become infected with anisakiasis?
By
ingesting
infected
fish
or
squid
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What symptoms can live larvae of *Anisakis* cause?
Intense pain or
allergic
symptoms
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How is anisakiasis diagnosed?
By
endoscopy
and
larval
identification
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What should patients be warned against after diagnosis of anisakiasis?
Further
consumption
of
marine fish
or squid
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What temperature and time are required for thermal treatment to prevent anisakiasis?
≥60 °C for ≥1 min or -20 °C for >24 h
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What control measures can help manage anisakiasis?
Establish a national register of
cases
Initiate educational campaigns for the public
Train health professionals
Implement control measures for fish industry
sectors
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See all 77 cards
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