Meta Ethics

• What is the current situation regarding summer exams?

  No summer exams are being conducted
• Why is the focus shifting to ethics instead of philosophy?

  Ethics is easier to teach online
• What are the two ethical standpoints discussed?

  • Absolutism
  • Relativism
• How does absolutism differ from relativism?

  Absolutism holds fixed moral truths
• What do absolutism and relativism disagree about?

  They disagree on the meaning of moral statements
• What is normative ethics concerned with?

  What one should and should not do
• What does meta ethics focus on?

  It focuses on the meaning of ethical language
• What are the four key words in meta ethics?

  Good, bad, right, and wrong
• What are the three arguments in meta ethics?

  Ethical naturalism, intuitionism, and emotivism
• What does ethical naturalism claim?

  Morals arise from natural properties and causes
• Who are two philosophers associated with ethical naturalism?

  1. H. Bradley and Philippa Foot
• How do ethical naturalists view moral statements?

  As fixed absolutes observable in the universe
• What is the significance of the word "fact" in ethical naturalism?

  Morals are seen as objective truths, not opinions
• What is the relationship between ethical statements and non-ethical statements?

  They are both seen as factual by ethical naturalists
• What does Hume's law state?

  Is does not imply ought
• What does Hume argue about moral good and evil?

  They cannot be distinguished using reason
• What does Philippa Foot argue about human actions?

  They can be observed and backed by evidence
• How does Foot relate virtues to moral absolutes?

  Virtues can be observed through actions
• What is the importance of empirical verification in ethical naturalism?

  Statements must be proven through observation
• What is the role of evidence in ethical statements according to ethical naturalism?

  Evidence supports the truth of ethical statements
• How should one approach ethical naturalism in an exam?

  Use examples to illustrate different parts
• What does Foot mean by "a fact about a given feature"?

  It refers to observable evidence supporting morality
• How does Foot's argument relate to moral statements?

  Moral statements are based on observable evidence
• What is the distinction between ethical and non-ethical statements?

  Ethical statements use moral language; non-ethical do not
• What is ethical absolutism?

  Belief in fixed moral truths applicable to all
• What role does intuitionism play in meta ethics?

  It suggests moral truths are known intuitively
• How does emotivism influence ethical discussions?

  It views moral statements as expressions of feelings
• How does ethical naturalism relate to Aquinas's natural law?

  Both view morals as observable in nature
• Why is evidence important in ethical discussions?

  It supports the validity of moral claims
• Why are examples crucial in understanding ethical theories?

  They illustrate concepts and clarify arguments
• How does cultural context impact ethical beliefs?

  It shapes the understanding of right and wrong
• Who is the British nationalist philosopher mentioned?

  Philippa Foot
• What does Philippa Foot argue about calling someone just or honest?

  It refers to something based on evidence
• How does Philippa Foot support her argument about virtues?

  By observing how a person acts
• What is an example of evidence used to label someone as hard-working?

  Physical evidence of their work habits
• What does Philippa Foot equate being a good student with?

  Having evidence of organization and attendance
• How does Philippa Foot compare factual statements about a person?

  To statements about their age or name
• What example does Philippa Foot use regarding an anthropologist?

  Studying native Malayan people without photos
• What does Philippa Foot argue about promises and agreements?

  They are natural and absolute to humans
• What are key concepts in Aristotle's virtue ethics?

  • Areté (virtue)
  • The Golden Mean
  • Vices and virtues
  • Patterns of behavior