Acids and Redox

• acid + hydroxide > water
• acid + metal > salt + hydrogen
• acid + metal oxide > salt + water
• acid + metal hydroxide > salt + water
• acid + carbonate > salt + carbon dioxide
• acid + hydrogencarbonate > carbon dioxide + water
• alkali + acid > salt + water
• acid + ammonia > ammonium
• titration


  technique for accurately measuring the volume of solution that reacts exactly with another solution.
• titrations are used for


  finding the concentration of a solution

  identification of unknown chemicals

  finding the purity of a substance
• acid-base titration procedure


  add measured volume of one solution to conical flask using pipette

  add other solution to burette, record initial reading to nearest 0.05cm^3

  add few drops of indicator to solution in conical flask

  run burette solution into conical flask

  colour change at end point of titration

  record final burette reading. volume of solution added is the titre

  quick trial titration carried out first to find approximate titre

  titration then repeated accurately, adding solution by drops until endpoint is reached
• reduction is the gain of electrons
• oxidation is the loss of electrons
• reduction is a decrease in oxidation number
• oxidation is an increase in oxidation number