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CHEMISTRY SCIENCE
Chemical Changes
Strong Acids and Weak Acids
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Cards (23)
What is the pH of aqueous solutions formed by acids?
Less than
seven
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Why do acids have a pH of less than seven?
They ionize to release
hydrogen ions
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What ions does hydrochloric acid dissociate into?
H<sup>+</sup>
and
Cl<sup>-</sup>
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What ions does nitric acid dissociate into?
H<sup>+</sup>
and
NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
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Name two examples of strong acids.
Hydrochloric acid
and
nitric acid
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What defines strong acids?
They
ionize
completely in solution
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How do weak acids differ from strong acids in ionization?
Weak acids do not
fully ionize
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Give examples of weak acids.
Ethanoic acid
,
citric acid
,
carbonic acid
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What does a double arrow in a dissociation equation indicate?
The reaction is
reversible
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What does it mean for the ionization of a weak acid to be reversible?
Equilibrium exists between
undissociated
and dissociated forms
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What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the left in a weak acid?
More
undissociated acid
than dissociated acid
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How is acid strength different from acid concentration?
Strength is about
ionization proportion
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What does concentration measure in relation to acids?
Amount
of
acid
in
a
certain
volume
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Can strong acids be found in low concentrations?
Yes, strong acids can be
dilute
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What is pH a measure of?
Concentration of
hydrogen ions
in solution
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How does pH change with hydrogen ion concentration?
Higher
hydrogen ion concentration
lowers
pH
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What does a decrease of one on the pH scale represent?
Hydrogen ion concentration
increases by a
factor of 10
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If pH changes from 5 to 3, how much does hydrogen ion concentration increase?
100 times higher
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If pH changes from 8 to 11, how much does hydrogen ion concentration decrease?
1,000 times lower
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What is required for a strong acid to achieve a low pH?
High concentration of
hydrogen ions
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How can a weak acid achieve a low pH?
It must be highly
concentrated
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At any given concentration, how does the pH of a strong acid compare to a weak acid?
Strong acid has a
lower
pH than weak acid
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What determines the pH of a solution?
The concentration of
hydrogen ions
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