OTHER EXPLANATIONS

• OTHER EXPLANATIONS FOR GENDER DYSPHORIA?

  social, cognitive, psychoanalytic
• SOCIAL EXPLANATION?

  OPERANT CONDITIONING AND REINFORCEMENT

  • gender atypical behaviour has been reinforced in childhood

  SOCIAL LEARNING

  • identification, imitation, modelling
  • individuals with gender dysphoria lack stereotypical same-sex role models
  • model behaviour of other gender
• PSYCHOANALYTIC EXPLANATIONS?

  • gender dysphoria in males
  • caused by separation anxiety and fixation in the phallic stage
  • due to no internalisation of behaviours
  • of a same-sex role model
• COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS?

  DUAL PATHWAY THEORY (LIBEN + BIGLER)

  PART 1 - ATTITUDINAL PATHWAY

  • similar to gender schema theory of Martin + Halverson
  • individuals gender attitudes lead him or her to engage in one activity or the other

  PART 2 - PERSONAL PATHWAY

  • individuals activity affects his/ her gender attitudes
  • personal interests are more dominant than gender attitude
  • determine if engage in specific activity