SOCIAL

• EVALUATION OF SOCIAL EXPLANATIONS?

  + Rekers et al

  + Stoller

  -Not explain parental reinforcement

  -Cause and effect
• REKERS ET AL?

  • 46 boys with gender dysphoria
  • emotionally distant/ entirely absent father-son relationship in pre-school years
  • strongly correlated with male childhood disturbances
• STOLLER?

  • interviewed boys with gender dysphoria and their mothers
  • overly close mother-son relationships
  • suggested would lead to greater female identification
• NOT EXPLAIN PARENTAL REINFORCEMENT?

  some experience gender dysphoria despite reinforcement by their parents
• CAUSE AND EFFECT?

  • Stoller
  • children may be closer than expected to mother
  • as they identify with her more due to existing feminine brain