musculoskeletal system

• The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues.
• Super Star Pele Makes Many Passes

  Support, Structure, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Production of blood cells
• Support - the bones keep us upright and hold the muscles and organs in place
• Shape/structure - acts as a framework gives us our height and build also provides anchor points
• Protection - protects vital organs
• Movement - the joints allow the body to move, muscles attach to the bone at places where they can pull
• Mineral Storage - stores minerals such as calcium that can be released into the blood when needed
• Production of blood cells - bone marrow produces red and white blood cells
• The 4 types of bone are: short, long, irregular, flat
• Muscles can only pull and are arranged in pairs
• Lower body muscle pairs (front then back) : Quadriceps and Hamstrings, hip flexors and gluteals, tibialis interior and gastrocnemius
• Upper body muscle pairs (front then back): biceps and triceps, abdominals and latissimus dorsi, pectorals and latissimus dorsi, deltoid and latissimus dorsi
• Muscles in pairs are called antagonistic muscle pairs, the agonist contracts (shortens), while the antagonist relaxes (lengthens)
• a joint is a place where two or more bones meet
• a synovial joint is the most common type of joint: hinge and ball and sockets joints
• ligaments join bone to bone
• tendons attach muscle to bone
• hinge joints allow flexion and extension
• flexion is the movement where the angle between bone reduces
• extension is the movement where the angle between bones increases
• ball and socket joints allow: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation
• abduction is the movement where limbs are moved away from the midline of the body
• adduction is movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body
• rotation is a movement around an axis
• plantar flexion is the movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint
• dorsiflexion is the movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decrease the angle at the ankle joint
• Long bones are most common and allow gross movement help with speed, power, and force
• Short bones allow fine controlled movement and help with balance and spinning
• flat bones are good at with standing impact and protect vital organs
• irregular bones are shaped to protect specific areas and are shock absorbers
• shoulder joint: scapula, clavical, humerus
• hip: femur, pelvis
• ankle: talus, fibula, tibia (t for top)
• elbow joint: humerus, radius, ulna
• knee: patella (knee cap), femur, fibula, tibia
• labelled skeleton

  
• types of joints include: fixed joints, slightly moveable joints, freely moveable (synovial) joints
• In isotonic contraction the muscle changes length when it contracts, concentric (shortens), eccentric (lengthens )
• In isometric contraction the muscle stays the same length
• synovial joints have cartilage to protect the end of each bone from rubbing together