Blood Glucose Regulation

• what is glycogenesis

  production of glycogen by polymerisation of glucose molecules

  • via insulin
• what is glycogenolysis


  the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

  • via glucagon
• what is gluconeogenesis


  production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

  • like proteins and lipids
• what is the normal blood glucose concentration


  90mg per 100cm-3
• 1 - blood glucose concentration higher than normal
• 2 - the change is detected by the receptors of the β cells (Islet's of Langerhans)
• 3 - the β cells then release insulin
• 4 - insulin is detected by receptors on liver and muscle cells (effectors)
• 5 - causes the liver and muscle cells to convert glucose to glycogen

  • glycogenesis
  • glucose enters cells through glucose transport proteins
• 6 - glucose concentration then falls
• HAVE TO SAY BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION NOT LEVELS
• how does insulin lower blood glucose concentration


  • increasing glucose absorption by cells, skeletal muscle cells
  • increasing respiratory rate of cells
  • increasing rate of glycogenesis
  • increase rate of glucose to fat conversion
  • inhibiting glucagon release from ⍺ cells
• what is glycolysis 


  temporary breakdown of glucose, in cells

  • do not confuse with glycoGENOlysis