Force and braking

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The energy changes when a vehicle brakes
• What are the potential dangers of large decelerations?

  They can cause loss of control and overheating
• What is the stopping distance of a car composed of?

  Thinking distance plus braking distance
• How does speed affect braking distance?

  Higher speed increases braking distance significantly
• What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

  Kinetic energy = $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$
• What happens to kinetic energy when velocity is doubled?

  Kinetic energy quadruples
• What happens to kinetic energy when a car brakes?

  Kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy
• What causes the temperature of the brakes to increase during braking?

  The conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy
• What is required to stop a car traveling at high speeds?

  A large braking force is needed
• What can happen if brakes overheat?

  It can cause loss of vehicle control
• How do you calculate the force needed for deceleration?

  Force = mass multiplied by acceleration
• What are the energy changes when a vehicle brakes?

  • Kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy
  • Friction between brakes and wheels generates heat
  • Temperature of brakes increases
• What are the key factors affecting braking distance?

  • Speed of the vehicle
  • Condition of the brakes
  • Road conditions (wet, dry, icy)
  • Driver reaction time
• How do you estimate forces involved in vehicle deceleration?

  1. Identify mass of the vehicle
  2. Determine initial and final velocities
  3. Calculate acceleration
  4. Use the formula: Force = mass × acceleration