Ch2 cell structure

• Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material in organisms and carries genetic information while RNA is involved in the synthesis of proteins
• light microscope vs electron microscope

  Coloured / black and white

  No mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum/ yes

  Yes nucleus, vacuole, cell wall
• microscope:

  1. low power objective
  2. turn coarse adjustment knob
  3. turn fine adjustment knob
  4. Move to specific field
  5. change to high power objective
  6. turn fine adjustment knob
• rough e vs smooth er

  synthesis of proteins vs synthesis of lipids
• ribosomes: attached to rough ER or lying free in cytoplasm
• abundance of mitochondria

  • enzyme-secreting cell for synthesis of enzymes
  • liver cell for high level of metabolic activities
  • epithelial cell in wall of small intestine for absorption of nutrients
  • muscle cell for contraction
  • root hair cell for absorption of minerals
• double membrane:

  mitochondria , nucleus, chloroplast
• The inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded to increase the surface area for enzymes to attach onto
• prokaryotes don’t have a true nucleus. DNA and ribosomes lies free in the cytoplasm and they do not have membrane-bounded organelle. Some have a cell wall, that is not made of cellulose
• eukaryotes have a true nucleus. DNA is enclosed in the nucleus and ribosomes are attached to rough ER or lies free in the cytoplasm. There is cell membrane and cell wall ( in plant cells and fungi)