Autonomic NS

• What system is part of the motor neuron system?

  Autonomic Nervous System

  
• What does the Autonomic Nervous System regulate?

  Unconscious activity
• What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

  • Sympathetic Division: 'fight or flight'
  • Parasympathetic Division: 'rest and digest'

  
• What do nerves consist of?

  Bundles of axons
• What types of neurons are included in nerves?

  Sensory, somatic, and autonomic neurons

  
• How do the proportions of neurons in nerves vary?

  Depending on the destination
• What do somatic motor neurons innervate?

  Skeletal muscle
• Where are the axons of somatic motor neurons located?

  In the CNS
• Where do somatic motor neurons extend to?

  Effector muscle
• What do autonomic motor neurons innervate?

  Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

  
• Where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron located?

  In the CNS

  
• Where is the cell body of the postganglionic neuron located?

  In autonomic ganglion

  
• What are the differences between somatic and autonomic motor neurons?

  • Somatic: innervate skeletal muscle, axons in CNS
  • Autonomic: innervate smooth/cardiac muscle and glands

  
• What are the divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

  • Sympathetic Division: Thoracolumbar, 'Fight or Flight'
  • Parasympathetic Division: Craniosacral, 'Rest and Digest'

  
• Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic division located?

  Between T1 and L2 segments
• How do sympathetic neurons exit the CNS?

  Through ventral roots of spinal nerves T1-L2

  
• What are sympathetic chain ganglia?

  Pairs of paravertebral ganglia

  
• Where do sympathetic chain ganglia extend into?

  Cervical and sacral regions

  
• What are collateral ganglia?

  Unpaired prevertebral ganglia
• Where are collateral ganglia located?

  In the abdominopelvic cavity
• What happens in sympathetic ganglion pathways?

  Preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons

  
• Where is the parasympathetic division located?

  Cranial and sacral regions

  
• Which cranial nerves contain axons of the parasympathetic division?

  Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X
• Where are the axons of the sacral region located?

  In the pelvic splanchnic nerves
• Where do parasympathetic ganglions typically reside?

  Near effector organs
• How are most parasympathetic ganglions characterized?

  Most are small
• What are autonomic nerve plexuses?

  Interconnected neural networks
• What do autonomic nerve plexuses serve?

  Specific regions
• What is an example of an autonomic nerve plexus?

  Cardiac plexus

  
• What is the Enteric Nervous System responsible for?

  Nerve plexuses in the digestive tract
• What do sensory neurons in the Enteric Nervous System detect?

  Chemical composition and stretch
• What do motor neurons in the Enteric Nervous System simulate?

  Contraction and secretion
• How does the ANS maintain homeostasis?

  • By altering body functions
  • Through dual innervation of organs
• What is the dominant division during exercise or stress?

  Sympathetic division

  
• What is the dominant division during rest?

  Parasympathetic division
• What influences ANS regulation?

  Neurotransmitters
• What are the sympathetic responses during 'fight or flight'?

  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Vasodilation in cardiac and skeletal muscle
  • Vasoconstriction in other organs
  • Dilation of air passageways in lungs
  • Increased breakdown of energy stores
  • Increased temperature and sweating
  • Slowing of digestion
• What are the parasympathetic responses during 'rest and digest'?

  • Stimulation of digestion
  • Increased waste/urine production
  • Lower heart rate and blood pressure
  • Constriction of air pathways

  
• What is the integration center for the ANS?

  Hypothalamus
• What influences the ANS from the cerebrum and limbic system?

  Thought and emotional influence