chemistry’

• What is the Periodic Table a table of?

  All known elements
• How many elements are currently known?

  About 100
• How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

  In order of increasing atomic number
• What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

  Groups
• What does the group number of an element indicate?

  Number of outer shell electrons
• How many outer shell electrons do Group 1 elements have?

  1 outer shell electron
• What are Group 1 elements called?

  Alkali metals
• What are Group 2 elements called?

  Alkaline earth metals
• What happens to the properties of elements as you move along a period?

  They change quite dramatically
• What is the significance of the number of outer shell electrons in elements?

  • Determines chemical properties
  • Elements in the same group have similar properties
• What does atomic number represent?

  Number of electrons in an atom
• Why is the number of outer shell electrons important?

  It determines the element's chemical behavior
• Based on its position, which element's properties would potassium resemble more: sodium or calcium?


  Sodium
• What are the rules for electron shell occupancy?

  1. Electrons occupy shells (energy levels)
  2. Lowest energy levels filled first
  3. Maximum electrons per shell:

  • 1st shell: 2
  • 2nd shell: 8
  • 3rd shell: 8
• How do you calculate the electronic configuration of argon?

  2, 8, 8
• How can you determine the number of shells in an element?

  By its period in the periodic table
• What does the group number tell you about an element?

  How many outer shell electrons it has
• What is the electronic configuration of sodium?

  1. 8.1
• How can elements be classified?

  As metals or non-metals
• Where are non-metals located on the periodic table?

  On the right-hand side
• Where are metals located on the periodic table?

  On the left-hand side
• How are metals and non-metals separated on the periodic table?

  By a zig-zag line from Boron to Astatine
• What are Group 0 elements also known as?

  Noble gases
• Name three elements that are noble gases.

  Helium, neon, and argon
• Why are noble gases considered inert?

  It takes a lot of energy to add or remove electrons
• What does it mean for noble gases to be inert?

  They don't react with much at all
• How do noble gases exist in nature?

  As single atoms
• How do noble gases differ from oxygen and hydrogen in terms of atomic structure?

  Noble gases exist as single atoms, not pairs
• What is a reason noble gases do not react easily?

  They require a lot of energy to change electron configuration
• What is the characteristic of Group 0 elements?

  They are inert and colorless gases
• What does the periodic table display?

  All elements in logical order
• Why is the periodic table useful?

  It helps in spotting trends among elements
• How can elements in the periodic table be classified?

  • Metals
  • Non-metals
• Where are metals located in the periodic table?

  On the left of the zigzag line
• What property allows metals to conduct electricity?

  They allow charge to pass easily
• What is the nature of metal oxides?

  They are basic and neutralize acids
• What pH do metal oxides that dissolve form?

  Solutions with pH more than 7
• Where are non-metals located in the periodic table?

  On the right of the zigzag line
• What is a characteristic of non-metals regarding electricity?

  They are poor conductors of electricity
• What is the nature of non-metal oxides?

  They are acidic and neutralize bases