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Cards (221)
What is conservation biology considered to be?
A recent
discipline
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What are the benefits of conserving biological diversity?
Considered in
economic
and
ethical
terms
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What are the fundamental needs in conservation biology?
Monitor
how
biodiversity
is changing
Develop
strategies
to retain/improve biodiversity
Monitor success of those strategies
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What do conservationist scientists tend to monitor?
Species, communities, habitats,
biomes
, ecosystems
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Why are species considered building blocks in biodiversity?
If we lose species,
community diversity
declines
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What are some practical monitoring methods used by different specialists?
Ornithologist
: daytime visual/aural surveys
Herpetologist
: daytime/nocturnal surveys
Entomologist
: pitfall/sweep net surveys
Mammologist
: nocturnal spotlight/camera trap surveys
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What is metabarcoding used for in biodiversity monitoring?
To study communities often within one
taxon
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What do eDNA approaches help with in biodiversity monitoring?
They provide ways to study
communities
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What three things need to be quantified for effective conservation monitoring?
Geographic
range,
population
distribution,
changes
over time
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What are remote sensing techniques used for?
To monitor
biodiversity
from a distance
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What data is needed for a complete assessment in conservation monitoring?
Data for all
species
Data for all
habitats
Across the
globe
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How many mammal species did Macdonald recognize in 2009?
5,106
mammal species
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What challenges are associated with conservation monitoring?
Wide range of
statistical
and
practical
challenges
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What has genetic analysis resulted in regarding mammal species?
Divisions
and
amalgamations
of species
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What does the "Lazarus effect" refer to?
Species thought
extinct
but rediscovered
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What is an example of a species split into new species?
Pipistrelle
now has two
phonic
species
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What is the time frame of the Holocene epoch?
11,700
BP
to
now
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How many years were amphibians missing on average according to the literature review?
53
years
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What is the time frame of the Anthropocene epoch?
1952 AD
to now
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What is the IUCN's minimum time period before declaring a species extinct?
50 years
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Why is there a focus on the Anthropocene?
It marks significant
human-driven
changes
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Why is it important to attempt to look for a species before declaring it extinct?
To
avoid
accidental
rediscovery
of
species
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How many great extinctions have occurred before the Anthropocene?
Five
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What was the first great extinction event?
Ordovician-Silurian
extinction
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What new mammal species were discovered in Tanzania?
Kipunji
and
grey-faced sengi
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When did the Permian-Triassic extinction occur?
252 million years ago
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What is the approximate time of the Late Triassic extinctions?
208 million years ago
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What did Mora et al. (2011) estimate about undiscovered species?
Approximately
8.7 million
species exist
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How many new mammal species have been described on average each decade since 1750?
238
new species
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When did the Cretaceous extinction happen?
66 million years ago
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What did Mora et al. (2011) suggest about undiscovered species across different taxa?
Huge number in
Animalia
,
Fungi
Moderate number in
Chromista
, Plantae,
Protozoa
Few in
Archaea
,
Bacteria
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What is conservation science?
The study of protecting
biodiversity
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What challenges exist in getting reliable data for conservation?
World size
,
species size
,
funding issues
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When did Homo sapiens evolve?
Approximately
300,000
years ago
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What was a major activity of early hominins?
Foraging
and
hunting
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What was the cost of the badger surveys conducted in England and Wales?
Approx.
£700,000
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What did early humans rely on for survival?
Natural
resources
and
ecological
cues
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What were the results of the badger surveys in terms of social groups and badger numbers?
Estimated 71,600
social groups
Estimated 484,000
badgers
in
England and Wales
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What was the estimated number of badgers in the previous study?
484,000
badgers
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When did the first wave of hominins leave Africa?
Approximately
1-1.5 million
years ago
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See all 221 cards
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