Active Transport

• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy, diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the direction of movement in active transport?

  From lower concentration to higher concentration
• What type of proteins are required for active transport?

  Special proteins in the cell membrane
• What is the source of energy for active transport?

  Energy from cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What molecule stores energy for the cell?

  ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• How can we define active transport in summary?

  Movement across a membrane requiring energy
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• How do root hair cells increase absorption efficiency?

  By having a large surface area
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside cells
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  To provide energy for active transport
• What are the adaptations of root hair cells for absorption?

  • Large surface area for absorption
  • Numerous mitochondria for energy
• What do root hair cells absorb from the soil?

  Water and mineral ions
• What minerals do plants need for chlorophyll production?

  Magnesium ions
• What minerals do plants need for protein production?

  Nitrate ions
• What is the process that provides energy for active transport?

  Cellular respiration
• How do root hair cells utilize energy from cellular respiration?

  To absorb minerals against their gradient
• What is the main function of root hair cells?

  To absorb water and minerals
• What happens to the energy stored in ATP?

  It powers various cellular processes
• How does the structure of root hair cells support their function?

  Long protrusions increase surface area for absorption
• What is the relationship between cellular respiration and active transport?

  Cellular respiration provides energy for active transport
• What is the role of ATP in cells?

  To store and transfer energy
• Why is active transport considered an active process?

  It requires energy input from the cell
• How does the concentration gradient affect active transport?

  Active transport moves substances against the gradient