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biology paper 2
inheritance
protein synthesis
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Created by
kimm
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Cards (24)
What is DNA made of?
Double-stranded
polymer
of
nucleotides
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How many different nucleotides are there?
Four
different nucleotides
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What are the bases of nucleotides called?
A,
T,
G,
and
C
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How do the two strands of DNA relate to each other?
They are
complementary
to each other
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Which bases pair together in DNA?
A pairs with
T
,
C
pairs with G
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What are proteins made of?
Polymers
of
amino acids
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How many different amino acids are there in humans?
Twenty
different amino acids
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What determines the shape of a protein?
The specific
order
of
amino acids
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How does the shape of a protein relate to its function?
The
shape
determines its
function
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What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
The
sequence
of
bases
in the
gene
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What is the first stage of protein synthesis called?
Transcription
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Where does transcription take place?
In the
nucleus
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What is the complementary template molecule called?
Messenger RNA (
mRNA
)
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What is the structure of mRNA?
It is a
single-stranded
molecule
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What is the second stage of protein synthesis called?
Translation
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Where does translation occur?
In the
cytoplasm
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What attaches to the ribosome during translation?
The
mRNA
molecule
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What are the carrier molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome called?
Transfer RNA (
tRNA
)
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What does the ribosome do during translation?
Reads
triplets
of
bases
on
mRNA
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Why is the shape of a protein important?
It
enables
the
protein
to do its
job
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What are the stages of protein synthesis?
Transcription:
DNA
sequence is
copied
to
mRNA
Translation:
mRNA
is read by
ribosome
to assemble
amino acids
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How do transcription and translation differ in protein synthesis?
Transcription occurs in the
nucleus
Translation occurs in the
cytoplasm
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What roles do mRNA and tRNA play in protein synthesis?
mRNA: Carries
genetic
information
from
DNA
tRNA: Brings
amino acids
to the
ribosome
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How does the sequence of bases in DNA influence protein structure?
Determines
the
order
of
amino acids
Affects
the protein's
shape
and
function
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