protein synthesis

Cards (24)

  • What is DNA made of?
    Double-stranded polymer of nucleotides
  • How many different nucleotides are there?
    Four different nucleotides
  • What are the bases of nucleotides called?
    A, T, G, and C
  • How do the two strands of DNA relate to each other?
    They are complementary to each other
  • Which bases pair together in DNA?
    A pairs with T, C pairs with G
  • What are proteins made of?
    Polymers of amino acids
  • How many different amino acids are there in humans?
    Twenty different amino acids
  • What determines the shape of a protein?
    The specific order of amino acids
  • How does the shape of a protein relate to its function?
    The shape determines its function
  • What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
    The sequence of bases in the gene
  • What is the first stage of protein synthesis called?
    Transcription
  • Where does transcription take place?
    In the nucleus
  • What is the complementary template molecule called?
    Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • What is the structure of mRNA?
    It is a single-stranded molecule
  • What is the second stage of protein synthesis called?
    Translation
  • Where does translation occur?
    In the cytoplasm
  • What attaches to the ribosome during translation?
    The mRNA molecule
  • What are the carrier molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome called?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • What does the ribosome do during translation?
    Reads triplets of bases on mRNA
  • Why is the shape of a protein important?
    It enables the protein to do its job
  • What are the stages of protein synthesis?
    1. Transcription: DNA sequence is copied to mRNA
    2. Translation: mRNA is read by ribosome to assemble amino acids
  • How do transcription and translation differ in protein synthesis?
    • Transcription occurs in the nucleus
    • Translation occurs in the cytoplasm
  • What roles do mRNA and tRNA play in protein synthesis?
    • mRNA: Carries genetic information from DNA
    • tRNA: Brings amino acids to the ribosome
  • How does the sequence of bases in DNA influence protein structure?
    • Determines the order of amino acids
    • Affects the protein's shape and function