genetic inheritance

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gene 
section of DNA
allele 
alleles are different versions of the same gene
homozygous  
homozygous is when two alleles are the same (BB or bb)
heterozygous 
heterozygous is when two alleles are different (Bb)
genotype 
genes that you inherit from your parents (e.g. eye colour, hair colour)
phenotype  
the physical traits and characteristic (e.g. appearance, behaviour
zygote 
the first cell formed when an egg & sperm fertilise
dominant
A dominant allele is one that is always expressed in the phenotype, even if only one copy is present in the genotype.
recessive
A recessive allele is only expressed in the phenotype if two copies are present in the genotype (homozygous recessive).
what are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes called? 
autosomes
how many chromosomes do humans have? 
23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
how do individuals within species display variation?
individuals within species display variation due to sexual reproduction during which gametes fuse to form a unique offspring.
why are there differences in the inherited characteristics as a result of alleles?
Differences in inherited characteristics occur because alleles are different versions of a gene, leading to variations in traits such as eye color or blood type.
Why are inherited characteristics sometimes different between siblings?
Siblings inherit different combinations of alleles from their parents, which leads to variation in their traits.
How does inheritance work?
Offspring inherit one allele from each parent, and the combination of these alleles determines the inherited characteristic.
How do alleles affect traits?
Different combinations of alleles determine an individual’s traits. For example, having two dominant alleles or one dominant and one recessive allele can result in the dominant trait being expressed.
chromosome
a chromosome is a structure in cells that contains DNA, which holds genetic information which is essential for growth, development and reproduction.