CLP WORKSHOP 10

• What is the age range for youths in the criminal justice system?

  10 to 17 years old
• What are the two specific aims of the youth justice system?

  Prevent offending and consider welfare
• In which court are the majority of young people tried and sentenced?

  Youth court
• What term is used to refer to offenders aged 17 and under?

  Youth
• What is the age under which a child cannot be guilty of an offence?

  Under 10 years old
• What term is used for a person under 18?

  Juvenile
• What is the definition of a 'child' according to the Children and Young Persons Act 1933?

  A person under 14 years old
• How is a 'young person' defined in the Children and Young Persons Act 1933?

  A person aged 14 to 17
• What is a Persistent Young Offender (PYO)?

  A youth convicted of imprisonable offences thrice
• What is the presumption regarding youths and the youth court?

  Youths will be dealt with by the youth court
• Who can sit in a youth court?

  District Judge or up to three magistrates
• What is required of magistrates and District Judges in youth courts?

  Specialist training
• How do reporting restrictions in youth courts differ from adult courts?

  They apply automatically in youth courts
• Who can be present in a youth court?

  Parties, court officials, and witnesses
• What must the court require if the accused is under 16?

  A parent or guardian must attend
• What does 'guardian' refer to in the context of youth court?

  Anyone caring for the child or young person
• What is the procedure if a youth is under the care of the local authority?

  Their representative may attend court
• How are proceedings in youth courts different from adult courts?

  They are more informal
• What is the preferred communication style in youth courts?

  Direct communication with defendants
• How are youth witnesses addressed in court?

  By their first names
• What is the difference in language used in youth courts compared to adult courts?

  Different terms for conviction and sentencing
• What modifications can be made in adult courts for children?

  • Familiarisation visit to the court
  • Remove wigs and gowns
  • Refer to child by first name
  • Child sits out of the dock
  • Child sits close to an appropriate adult
  • Regular breaks
  • Use clear and simple language
  • Provide access to support
  • Minimize public access
  • Use intermediaries for communication
  • Use live links for evidence
  • Explain court proceedings clearly
• What is the summary of the youth court system?

  • Majority tried in youth court
  • Proceedings are informal
  • Reporting restrictions apply
  • Parents/guardians generally present
• What is the age range for youths in the criminal justice system?

  10 to 17 years old
• What are the two specific aims of the youth justice system?

  Prevent offending and consider welfare
• In which court are most young people tried and sentenced?

  Youth court
• What term is used to refer to offenders aged 17 and under?

  Youth
• What determines the terminology used for offenders aged 10 to 17?

  Age
• What is the definition of a 'juvenile' in the context of the criminal justice system?

  A person under the age of 18
• How is a 'child' defined according to the Children and Young Persons Act 1933?

  A person under the age of 14
• What is a 'persistent young offender' (PYO)?

  A youth convicted of imprisonable offences thrice in 12 months
• What is the purpose of out of court disposals for youths?

  To reduce the risk of further offending
• What were youth cautions known as before 8 April 2013?

  Reprimands, warnings, and final warnings
• What is the nature of trials in youth courts?

  Summary trials with some indictable offences
• What happens if a youth turns 18 before their first court appearance?

  They appear before the adult magistrates' court
• What is the presumption regarding children under the age of ten?

  They cannot be convicted of an offence
• What must the court do if there is uncertainty about an offender's age?

  Determine the issue to classify the offender
• Who can sit in a youth court?

  District Judge or up to three magistrates
• What is required of magistrates and District Judges in youth courts?

  Specialist training
• What are the reporting restrictions in youth courts?

  Apply automatically and rarely lifted