Rand

• What is the case name of the important decision for criminal justice discussed?

  The Crown against Ji and Ric against the Queen
• What area of criminal law does the decision concern?

  Complicity in criminal law
• What was the main issue at stake regarding accomplices?

  How culpable one must be to be liable
• What did English law require from an accomplice for centuries?

  Intention to assist the principal
• What change occurred in 1984 regarding accomplices?

  An accomplice needed only foresight of the crime
• What was the significance of the 1984 Privy Council decision?

  Foresight became a standard of fault
• What did the decision in Joi and Ruck correct?

  Reinstated intention as a requirement for liability
• What are the two forms of physical acts of complicity?

  Assisting and encouraging the principal
• What is the crime of conspiracy?

  Agreeing with another to commit a crime
• What does being an accomplice allow in English law?

  Charged as if they were the principal
• What happens if multiple people attack a victim?

  All can be convicted of murder
• Why do some accomplices serve life sentences?

  They assisted in a serious crime
• What is the rationale behind treating accomplices as principals?

  To address uncertainty in who committed the crime
• What is the role of foresight in complicity?

  Evidence for inferring intention
• What did the 1984 case of Chang Wing Suu introduce?

  A special form of complicity for multiple crimes
• What is parasitic liability?

  Liability for a second crime based on the first
• Why is the term "joint enterprise" problematic?

  It covers different situations with varying rules
• What did the decision in Joi and Ruck clarify about foresight?

  It is no longer a test of substance
• What must a principal intend to do for murder liability?

  Intend to kill or cause serious harm
• How does an accomplice's liability for murder differ from a principal's?

  An accomplice must intend to assist the principal
• What can an accomplice be liable for if death results from dangerous circumstances?

  Manslaughter
• What happens if a death occurs due to an overwhelming act by the principal?

  The accomplice may not be liable for death
• Why did the court reject the Chang Wing Suu decision?

  It elevated a rule of evidence to law
• What were the four reasons for replacing the Chang Wing Suu rule?

  Law was controversial, led to appeals, etc.
• What does the Serious Crime Act 2007 require for liability?

  Intending or believing the other will commit the crime
• What is the potential impact of the Joi and Ruck decision?

  Affects many past accomplice convictions
• What must be demonstrated for a conviction to be set aside?

  Substantial injustice must be shown
• What is the significance of the case of Dobson and Norris?

  Often misinterpreted as a joint enterprise case
• What did Mr. Justice Tracy's remarks indicate about the defendants' intentions?

  They intended serious injury, not just foresight
• What happens if someone successfully appeals their conviction?

  They will not be considered murderers
• What should be the focus after correcting the law?

  Preventing future errors in legal interpretation