Role of chromosomes &Hormones in gender develop

• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What is the role of sex chromosomes in humans?

  They establish an individual's sex
• What chromosomes do females have?

  XX chromosomes
• What chromosomes do males have?

  XY chromosomes
• What does the existence of atypical sex-chromosome patterns suggest?

  Biological make-up may influence gender behavior
• What condition affects boys with an extra X chromosome?

  Klinefelter's syndrome
• How does Klinefelter's syndrome physically affect boys?

  Less body and facial hair, underdeveloped genitals
• What psychological traits are associated with Klinefelter's syndrome?

  Poor language skills and passivity
• How might Klinefelter's syndrome relate to gender behavior?

  Abnormal chromosomal pattern links to femininity
• What condition affects girls who lack an X chromosome?

  Turner's syndrome
• What physical traits are associated with Turner's syndrome?

  Short stature and webbed neck
• What psychological traits are associated with Turner's syndrome?

  Poor maths and spatial abilities
• How do chromosomes influence gender development according to the study?

  Chromosomes may play a significant role
• What evidence supports the role of chromosomes in gender development?

  • Batista boys born with male chromosomes
  • Raised as girls but developed male characteristics at puberty
  • Identified as male despite early socialization
• What is a limitation of using single case studies in gender development research?

  Cannot generalize findings to others
• What alternative explanation exists for gender development besides chromosomes?

  Nurture influences gender development
• What did Williams find regarding children's views on gender?

  More TV leads to rigid gender views
• What are the roles of hormones in gender development?

  • Testosterone linked to masculine behaviors
  • Oestrogen influences female behaviors
  • Oxytocin associated with bonding and attachment
• How does testosterone affect behavior in individuals with CAH?

  Leads to exaggerated masculine traits
• What stereotypical behaviors are associated with oestrogen?

  Increased emotionality and irritability
• How does oxytocin affect sociability in females?

  Females tend to be more caring
• Why is it difficult to isolate the role of hormones in gender development?

  Hormone levels vary due to many factors
• What complicates the study of hormone effects on behavior?

  Genetic factors may influence hormone effects
• What are the complexities of gender development research?

  • Different studies yield varying results
  • Hormone levels fluctuate due to external factors
  • Human behavior is influenced by multiple factors
• What is Kohlberg's theory related to gender?

  Cognitive stage theory of gender