Digestive System

• What is the main function of the digestive system?

  To break down food for absorption
• What are the three main groups of nutrients humans need?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Why is digestion necessary for humans?

  To break down large molecules for absorption
• What is the role of saliva in digestion?

  It helps make food more liquid
• What enzyme is found in saliva and what does it do?

  Salivary amylase breaks down carbohydrates
• What is the esophagus also known as?

  The gullet
• What are the three important functions of the stomach?

  Mixes food, produces pepsin, and hydrochloric acid
• What type of enzyme is pepsin?

  A protease enzyme
• What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

  Kills bacteria and activates pepsin
• Where does the digested food go after the stomach?

  Into the small intestine
• What is the primary function of the small intestine?

  Absorbs digested food into the bloodstream
• What organ produces most of the digestive enzymes?

  The pancreas
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• Where is bile produced?

  In the liver
• How does bile help with fat digestion?

  By emulsifying fats into tiny droplets
• What adaptations does the lining of the small intestine have for absorption?

  Villi increase surface area and have good blood supply
• What are villi and their function in the small intestine?

  Finger-like projections that increase absorption area
• What happens to the material left in the small intestine after absorption?

  It moves into the large intestine
• What does the large intestine do with excess water?

  Absorbs it, leaving behind feces
• What is the order of the digestive process from start to finish?

  1. Food enters the mouth and is chewed
  2. Saliva is added
  3. Food travels down the esophagus
  4. Food enters the stomach
  5. Food moves to the small intestine
  6. Pancreatic juices and bile mix with food
  7. Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream
  8. Leftover material goes to the large intestine
  9. Excess water is absorbed, leaving feces
• What is stored in the rectum?

  Feces
• What happens to feces after being stored in the rectum?

  They are removed from the body
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