microscopy

• What is the main function of microscopes?

  To magnify images of specimens
• What did early microscopes look like?

  They looked much simpler than modern ones
• What have light microscopes allowed scientists to discover?

  Structures inside cells, like the nucleus
• What is a limitation of light microscopes regarding magnification?

  They have limited magnification power
• What is another major limitation of light microscopes?

  They have limited resolution, causing blurriness
• Why was the electron microscope invented?

  To explore structures inside cells in detail
• What are the key advantages of electron microscopes?

  Greater magnification and resolution
• What can be seen in a nucleus using an electron microscope?

  Details that are not visible with light microscopes
• How is magnification calculated?

  Magnification = size of image / size of real object
• What will you be given in the exam regarding magnification calculations?

  The equation for magnification
• If the image size of the nucleus is 45 mm and the real size is 0.01 mm, what is the magnification?

  4,500 times
• If the image size of a mitochondrion is 30 mm and the real size is 0.03 mm, what is the magnification?

  1,000 times
• How do you calculate the size of the real object if you know the image size and magnification?

  Size of real object = size of image / magnification
• If the image size is 87 mm and the magnification is 2,000 times, what is the real size of the cell?

  0.435 mm
• What are the advantages of electron microscopes over light microscopes?

  • Much greater magnification
  • Higher resolution
  • Ability to see fine details in specimens
• What is the process to calculate magnification?

  1. Measure the size of the image
  2. Measure the size of the real object
  3. Use the formula: Magnification = size of image / size of real object
• What are the limitations of light microscopes?

  • Limited magnification
  • Limited resolution causing blurred images
• How can you find the real size of an object using magnification?

  1. Measure the size of the image
  2. Use the formula: Size of real object = size of image / magnification
• What is the typical magnification of an electron microscope?

  • Can exceed 1,000,000 times