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Anouk Leary
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Cards (36)
What is a system in physics?
An
object
or
group
of
objects
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How does energy storage change in a system?
It
changes
when
the
system
changes
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What happens to kinetic energy when a ball hits a wall?
Kinetic energy is transferred as
sound
The
system
is the moving ball
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What occurs to a vehicle's kinetic energy when it slows down?
Kinetic energy transfers to
thermal energy
This occurs due to
friction
between wheels and brakes
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What is the formula for kinetic energy?
E
k
=
E_k =
E
k
=
1
2
m
v
2
\frac{1}{2} mv^2
2
1
m
v
2
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What do the variables in the kinetic energy formula represent?
m is
mass
, v is
speed
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What type of energy is stored in a stretched spring?
Elastic potential energy
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What is the formula for elastic potential energy?
E
e
=
E_e =
E
e
=
1
2
k
e
2
\frac{1}{2} ke^2
2
1
k
e
2
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What do the variables in the elastic potential energy formula represent?
k is spring constant, e is extension
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What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
E
p
=
E_p =
E
p
=
m
g
h
mgh
m
g
h
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What do the variables in the gravitational potential energy formula represent?
m is
mass
, g is
gravitational field strength
, h is height
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What is specific heat capacity?
Energy
to raise
1kg
by
1°C
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What is the formula for calculating thermal energy change?
E
=
E =
E
=
m
c
Δ
T
mc\Delta T
m
c
Δ
T
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What do the variables in the thermal energy change formula represent?
m is
mass
, c is
specific heat capacity
, ΔT is
temperature change
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How is power defined in physics?
Rate at which
energy
is
transferred
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What is the formula for power?
P
=
P =
P
=
E
t
=
\frac{E}{t} =
t
E
=
W
t
\frac{W}{t}
t
W
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What is the relationship between joules and watts?
1 joule per
second
equals 1 watt
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How can you determine which motor is more powerful?
The one that does work
faster
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What are the ways energy can be transferred?
Usefully
Stored
Dissipated
Cannot be
created
or
destroyed
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What is energy dissipation?
Energy is
stored
in less useful ways
Often described as
'wasted'
energy
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How can lubrication reduce energy waste?
Reduces
friction
Less energy lost as heat
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How does thermal insulation help reduce energy waste?
Less useful
thermal energy
lost
Example:
Double glazing
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What is thermal conductivity?
Rate at which
heat
travels
through a
material
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How does thermal conductivity affect energy transfer in buildings?
Higher
conductivity
allows
faster heat transfer
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What is the formula for efficiency?
efficiency
=
\text{efficiency} =
efficiency
=
useful energy output
total energy input
\frac{\text{useful energy output}}{\text{total energy input}}
total energy input
useful energy output
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How can efficiency be increased in a system?
By
reducing
waste output
and
recycling
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What are the main non-renewable energy sources?
Fossil Fuels
(
coal
,
oil
,
gas
)
Nuclear Fuel
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What are the main renewable energy sources?
Biofuel
Wind
Hydro-electricity
Geothermal
Tidal
Solar
Water waves
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What is renewable energy?
Energy that can be
replenished
as used
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Why is non-renewable energy used more for large-scale supplies?
It provides large energy output
per kg
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Why has renewable energy become more important recently?
Due to the
finite lifetime
of fossil fuels
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What are some reliability issues with renewable energy?
Solar doesn't work at night or in bad weather
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What are the main uses of energy?
Transport
Electricity generation
Heating
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What are the environmental impacts of energy extraction and use?
Extraction:
Destroys landscapes (fossil fuels)
Wind turbines can be eyesores
Use:
Fossil fuels release harmful
emissions
Solar and wind have no emissions
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How did the industrial revolution affect energy use?
Fossil fuels
became important
energy sources
Easy to mine and provided a lot of energy
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What challenges exist in using energy resources today?
Increasing
public power demands
Environmental issues
are complex
Political, social, ethical, and economic considerations
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