digestive enzymes

• What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

  They catalyze chemical reactions and speed them up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  It is where the substrate attaches
• What is the substrate in enzyme reactions?

  The molecule that the enzyme breaks down
• What does the lock and key theory describe?

  Enzymes are specific to their substrates
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What are proteins made of?

  Chains of amino acids
• What happens to proteins during digestion?

  They are converted to individual amino acids
• What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?

  Amylase
• What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

  Carbohydrases
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol attached to three fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What does lipase produce when it digests lipids?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipids to increase surface area
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the rate of lipid breakdown
• What is the pH nature of bile?

  Bile is alkaline
• What does bile do to stomach acids?

  It neutralizes them in the small intestine
• What are the main enzymes involved in digestion and their functions?

  • Proteases: break down proteins into amino acids
  • Amylase: breaks down starch into simple sugars
  • Lipase: breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• How do enzymes and bile work together in digestion?

  • Enzymes catalyze reactions to break down food
  • Bile emulsifies fats to increase surface area
  • Bile creates alkaline conditions for enzyme activity