sociopolitical evolution

• What defines a minority group?

  Less dominant in size, status, influence
• Give an example of a minority group.

  Ethnic Groups
• What is a reference group?

  Standards to judge people
• Name an example of a reference group.

  IT girls
• What is social evolution?

  • Development and change of social organizations
  • Occurs through time
• What is political evolution?

  • Changes in leadership over time
  • Process of exercising control
• What characterizes the Paleolithic period?

  Hunting and gathering society
• When did the Paleolithic period begin?

  10,000 B.C.E
• What does it mean to be a nomad?

  No permanent home, move frequently
• How do foragers create their tools?

  Based on their environment
• What belief system is associated with the Paleolithic period?

  Animism
• What defines the Neolithic period?

  • Pastoralism and horticulture
  • Domestication of animals and plants
• What animals were domesticated in the Neolithic period?

  Sheep, goats, and camels
• What were the first planted and harvested foods?

  Wheat, oats, and barley
• What does social class depend on in the Neolithic period?

  Number of animals and land owned
• What are the similarities between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods?

  • Less nomadic, more permanent homes
  • Division of work between genders
  • Surplus of food
  • Larger populations
  • Increased conflicts over resources
  • Emergence of leaders
• What was the Neolithic Revolution?

  • Development of agricultural society
  • Occurred 5,000 years ago in the Middle East
  • Innovations like plow and wheel
• What rivers were significant in ancient civilizations?

  Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Yellow River
• What was a major advancement in the Neolithic period?

  Use of rivers for irrigation
• What characterized the Industrial Revolution?

  Development of machines powered by steam
• When did the Industrial Revolution emerge?

  1700 in Britain
• Who invented the steam engine?

  James Watt
• What was a consequence of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?

  Led to riots
• What are the two categories of society?

  1. Gemeinschaft Society

  • Close-knit relationships
  • Villages where everyone knows each other

  1. Gesellschaft Society

  • Modern societies
  • Little concern for others
• What defines a post-industrial society?

  Service jobs replace manufacturing jobs
• What is required for gainful employment in a post-industrial society?

  Higher education, college graduate
• What is political organization?

  • Political institutions organized as a state
  • Structures governing society
• What characterizes bands in political organization?

  Foraging societies with low population
• What are tribes in political organization?

  Horticulturist and pastoralist societies
• What defines chiefdoms in political organization?

  Formal and permanent political structure
• What is Darwin's theory of evolution?

  • Process by which modern organisms descend from ancient organisms
  • Evidence of life changes over time
• What was the name of the ship Darwin traveled on?

  1. M.S Beagle
• When did Darwin's voyage begin?

  February 12, 1831
• What did Darwin find during his voyage?

  Evidence about how life changes over time
• What was significant about Darwin's visits to Argentina and Australia?

  Same biome, different animals observed