Organisation

• What does the human digestive system provide the body with?

  Nutrients
• What does the respiratory system provide the body with?

  Oxygen
• How do the digestive and respiratory systems interact with the circulatory system?

  They provide materials moved by the blood
• What can damage to the digestive or respiratory systems lead to?

  Debilitating conditions or death
• What can reduce the need for surgical interventions in coronary heart disease?

  Improved diet and lifestyle
• What is the plant's transport system dependent on?

  Environmental conditions
• What are the basic building blocks of all living organisms?

  • Cells
• What is a tissue?

  A group of similar cells
• What are organs made of?

  Aggregations of tissues
• What do organ systems do?

  Work together to form organisms
• What is the human digestive system an example of?

  An organ system
• What do enzymes do in the digestive system?

  Catalyse specific reactions
• What is the 'lock and key theory' related to?

  Enzyme action
• What does amylase break down?

  Starch
• What do proteases break down?

  Proteins to amino acids
• What do lipases break down?

  Fats to glycerol and fatty acids
• What is the role of bile?

  Neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fat
• How does bile increase the rate of fat breakdown?

  By increasing surface area and alkalinity
• What are the required practical activities related to testing for biomolecules?

  1. Benedict’s test for sugars
  2. Iodine test for starch
  3. Biuret reagent for protein
• What is the effect of pH on amylase enzyme activity?

  It affects the rate of reaction
• What is the structure of the human heart?

  It pumps blood in a double circulatory system
• What does the right ventricle do?

  Pumps blood to the lungs
• What is the function of the left ventricle?

  Pumps blood around the rest of the body
• What are the main types of blood vessels?

  Arteries, veins, capillaries
• What controls the natural resting heart rate?

  A group of cells in the right atrium
• What are artificial pacemakers used for?

  To correct irregularities in heart rate
• What is blood composed of?

  Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
• What are the functions of red blood cells?

  Transport oxygen around the body
• What are the functions of white blood cells?

  Fight infections
• What are the functions of platelets?

  Clot blood
• What is coronary heart disease?

  Fatty material builds up in coronary arteries
• What do stents do?

  Keep coronary arteries open
• What do statins do?

  Reduce blood cholesterol levels
• What happens when heart valves become faulty?

  They may not open fully or leak
• What can be done for heart failure?

  Transplant a donor heart or use artificial hearts
• What is health defined as?

  Physical and mental well-being
• How do diseases affect health?

  They are major causes of ill health
• What can defects in the immune system lead to?

  Increased susceptibility to infectious diseases
• How can viruses trigger cancers?

  By living in cells and causing changes
• What can severe physical ill health lead to?

  Depression and mental illness