Chemistry paper 1

• What topics are covered in AQA GCC chemistry paper 1?

  Atoms, bonding, quantitative chemistry, energy changes
• What is a compound?

  A substance with two or more different atoms bonded
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H2O
• How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?

  Two hydrogen atoms
• What does it mean if there is no number after a chemical symbol?

  It indicates an invisible one atom
• What is a word equation?

  A representation of a chemical reaction using words
• Why must chemical equations be balanced?

  Atoms are not created or destroyed in reactions
• What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

  Balance atoms that are only in compounds
• What is a mixture?

  A combination of elements and compounds not bonded
• What is an example of a mixture?

  Air
• How can large insoluble particles be separated from a liquid?

  Using filtration
• What is crystallization used for?

  To separate a solute from a solvent
• What is distillation?

  Heating a solution to separate liquids
• What is fractional distillation?

  Separating liquids with different boiling points
• What are the three main states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• How do particles behave in a solid?

  They vibrate around fixed positions
• What happens to particles when a substance melts?

  Energy is supplied to overcome attractions
• What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?

  The state of substances in the reaction
• What does the symbol 's' represent?

  Solid
• What does the symbol 'l' represent?

  Liquid
• What does the symbol 'g' represent?

  Gas
• What does the symbol 'aq' represent?

  Aqueous or dissolved in solution
• Who proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?

  JJ Thompson
• What did Rutherford discover about the atom?

  Atoms have a small, dense nucleus
• What did Niels Bohr discover about electrons?

  Electrons exist in shells or orbitals
• What are protons and neutrons collectively called?

  Nucleons
• What is the charge of a proton?

  Plus one
• What is the charge of a neutron?

  Zero
• What is the charge of an electron?

  Minus one
• What does the atomic number represent?

  The number of protons in the nucleus
• What does the mass number represent?

  The total number of protons and neutrons
• What are isotopes?

  Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
• What is relative atomic mass (RAM)?

  The average mass of an element's isotopes
• How is the average relative atomic mass calculated?

  By averaging the masses of isotopes
• What did Dmitri Mendeleev contribute to the periodic table?

  Grouped elements by properties, not just weight
• How are electrons arranged in shells?

  Filling from the inside out
• What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

  Two electrons
• What is the maximum number of electrons in the second and third shells?

  Eight electrons
• What is the electron configuration of magnesium?

  2, 8, 2
• What do metals do when they bond?

  Donate electrons to achieve a full shell