infection and response

• What are the two types of diseases mentioned?

  Communicable and non-communicable diseases
• How can communicable diseases be spread?

  From person to person
• Give an example of a communicable disease.

  Measles
• What are pathogens?

  Bacteria or viruses that cause diseases
• What is an example of a non-communicable disease?

  Coronary heart disease
• How can ill health be caused?

  By communicable and non-communicable diseases
• What is defined as the state of physical and mental well-being?

  Health
• What are some factors that can negatively affect health?

  Poor diet, high stress, harmful chemicals
• How can different types of diseases interact?

  They can increase risk or cause each other
• What disease does tuberculosis (TB) cause?

  A communicable lung disease
• Who is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases?

  People with a defective immune system
• How does HIV affect the risk of contracting TB?

  It increases the risk of contracting TB
• What is the human papilloma virus (HPV) known for?

  Causing cervical cancer in some people
• How many women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year in the UK?

  About 3,000 women
• How can allergies be triggered by diseases?

  By the immune system reacting to pathogens
• What can arthritis lead to in terms of mental health?

  It can lead to depression
• What is meant by a pathogen?

  Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
• What is a key takeaway about the interaction of diseases?

  Different diseases can influence each other
• How do bacteria and viruses cause illness?

  They reproduce and release harmful toxins
• What are the main differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

  • Communicable diseases: spread from person to person
  • Non-communicable diseases: cannot be passed between people
• What are the interactions between different types of diseases?

  • One disease can increase the risk of another
  • One disease can cause another disease
  • Physical illnesses can trigger mental illnesses
• What are communicable diseases?

  Diseases spread from person to person
• What factors contribute to ill health?

  • Communicable diseases
  • Non-communicable diseases
  • Poor diet
  • High stress
  • Harmful chemicals
• How are pathogens spread?

  Through air, water, and direct contact
• What types of pathogens are included in the definition of pathogens?

  Bacteria, viruses, protists, and fungi
• How often can bacteria divide under ideal conditions?

  Every 20 minutes
• What are toxins?

  Harmful chemicals released by bacteria
• What is the virus HIV known to lead to?

  AIDS
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Inside a host cell
• What happens to a host cell when a virus reproduces inside it?

  The cell can burst open and die
• How can pathogens be spread through the air?

  In water droplets, like influenza
• How is cholera spread?

  By drinking water polluted by sewage
• How can HIV be spread?

  By sharing infected needles or sexual contact
• What are the two viral diseases discussed in the video?

  Measles and HIV
• What are some ways to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  • Practice basic hygiene (e.g., handwashing)
  • Provide clean drinking water
  • Reduce direct contact (e.g., use condoms)
  • Isolate patients with highly infectious diseases
  • Vaccination
• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes infectious disease
• Why is washing hands important?

  It prevents the spread of pathogens
• Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?

  No, viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics
• What does drinking water in the UK contain to kill microorganisms?

  Chlorine
• What are the symptoms of measles?

  • High fever
  • Red skin rash after three days