Biology

• What is the definition of the cell cycle?


  The sequence of events from one cell division to the next
• What are the main components of the cell cycle?


  Growth, DNA replication, and cell division
• What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?


  • Interphase (preparation for division)
  • Mitosis (actual cell division)
• Which phase takes up most of the cell's time during the cell cycle?


  Interphase
• What occurs during interphase?


  The cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for division
• What percentage of the cell cycle does interphase occupy?


  About 90%
• What key activity happens to DNA during interphase?


  DNA is replicated to prepare for cell division
• What is mitosis?


  A type of cell division producing two identical daughter cells
• What happens during anaphase of mitosis?


  Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles
• What occurs during telophase in mitosis?


  The nuclear membrane reforms and chromosomes uncoil
• What occurs during metaphase in mitosis?


  Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator
• What is cytokinesis?


  The final stage of cell division where cytoplasm divides
• How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells?


  A contractile ring forms and pinches the cell membrane
• What are the sub-stages of interphase?


  G1, S, and G2 phases
• What are the key characteristics of telophase?


  • Nuclear membrane reforms
  • Chromosomes uncoil and become less visible
  • Two separate nuclei are formed
• What happens during the S phase of interphase?


  DNA replication occurs
• What occurs during the G2 phase of interphase?


  The cell prepares for mitosis
• How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells?


  • In plant cells, a cell plate forms
  • In animal cells, a contractile ring forms
• What forms during cytokinesis in animal cells?


  Contractile ring of protein filaments
• How does the contractile ring function during cytokinesis in animal cells?


  It constricts like a drawstring to pinch the membrane
• What is a key difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?


  Animal cells use a contractile ring; plant cells use a cell plate
• What structure forms in plant cells during cytokinesis?


  Cell plate
• What is the role of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus in plant cell cytokinesis?


  They fuse to create a new cell wall
• What are the key differences in cytokinesis mechanisms between animal and plant cells?


  Animal cells use contractile rings; plant cells use vesicle fusion
• What is the primary function of the cell cycle?


  Growth, repair, reproduction, and maintenance
• Why is genetic continuity important in the cell cycle?


  It ensures daughter cells are genetically identical
• What can happen if the cell cycle is disrupted?


  Uncontrolled cell division, like cancer
• What are the potential problems associated with genetic mutations during the cell cycle?


  They can lead to tissue damage and cancer
• What are the key processes facilitated by the cell cycle?


  • Growth of organisms
  • Repair of damaged tissues
  • Reproduction in single-celled organisms
  • Replacing old or damaged cells
  • Maintaining tissue and organ function
• What are the key differences between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?


  • Animal cells:
  • Use a contractile ring
  • Pinch the cell membrane
  • Plant cells:
  • Form a cell plate
  • Involve vesicle fusion from Golgi apparatus