Anat 2

• What is the pointed portion of the heart called?

  Apex
• What is the wide portion of the heart called?

  Base
• What is the primary function of the heart?

  It pumps blood throughout the body
• What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

  Tricuspid valve
• What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

  Bicuspid valve
• Name the four chambers of the heart.

  Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
• What major vessel is connected to the right atrium?

  Vena cava
• What major vessel is connected to the right ventricle?

  Pulmonary artery
• What major vessel is connected to the left atrium?

  Pulmonary vein
• What major vessel is connected to the left ventricle?

  Aorta
• What are the two types of atrioventricular (AV) valves?

  Tricuspid and bicuspid valves
• What are the two types of semilunar valves?

  Pulmonary and aortic valves
• What is the outer layer of the heart called?

  Epicardium
• What is the thickest layer of the heart?

  Myocardium
• What is the inner layer of the heart called?

  Endocardium
• What covers the heart with fibroconnective tissue?

  Pericardium
• Name the branches of the aorta.

  Brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian
• What is the function of arteries and arterioles?

  Transport blood away from the heart
• What is the function of veins and venules?

  Transport blood toward the heart
• What is the role of capillaries?

  Site for exchange of oxygen
• What are red blood cells also known as?

  Erythrocytes
• What is the primary function of red blood cells?

  Carry oxygen using hemoglobin
• What are white blood cells also known as?

  Leukocytes
• What is the primary function of white blood cells?

  Fight infections in the body
• What are platelets also known as?

  Thrombocytes
• What is the primary function of platelets?

  Play a role in clotting mechanism
• Where do T cells mature?

  Thymus
• Where do B cells mature?

  Bursa of Fabricius / bone marrow
• Name the major classes of antibodies.

  IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD
• What role do mast cells play in the immune system?

  Release substances like histamine
• What are the types of macrophages?

  Mobile, resident, epithelioid macrophages
• Name the types of resident macrophages.

  Microglia, alveolar, Von Kupffer, Peyer's patches, extraglomerular mesangial cells, histiocytes
• What characterizes epithelioid macrophages?

  Less phagocytic cell
• What are multinucleated giant cells?

  Cells with multiple nuclei for immune response
• What are platelets remnants of?

  Megakaryocytes
• What are megakaryocytes?

  Large bone marrow cells that produce platelets
• What are the developmental stages of red blood cells?

  1. Proerythroblast
  2. Basophilic E.
  3. Polychromatophilic E.
  4. Orthomatophylic E.
  5. Reticulocytes
  6. Mature RBC
• What is the difference between plasma and serum?

  Plasma has clotting factors; serum does not
• What is the best indicator of regenerative anemia?

  Reticulocytes
• How does the bone marrow respond to anemia?

  By producing more reticulocytes