ALKENES

• What is an alkene?

  A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond
• What does it mean for an alkene to be unsaturated?

  It contains a carbon-carbon double bond
• What is the general formula for alkenes?

  C_nH_2n
• Which alkene has the formula C₂H₄?

  Ethene
• How can you test for unsaturation in alkenes?

  Using bromine water
• What color change indicates the presence of an alkene when using bromine water?

  From orange to colorless
• What is the structure of an alkene like?

  Planar around the carbon-carbon double bond
• What is restricted rotation in alkenes?

  Limited twisting around the carbon-carbon double bond
• What type of isomerism is associated with alkenes due to restricted rotation?

  Geometric isomerism (E/Z isomerism)
• What is stereoisomerism?

  Isomerism with different spatial arrangements
• What is the difference between E and Z isomers?

  E isomers are on opposite sides
• What does the term "CIS" refer to in isomerism?

  Groups on the same side of the double bond
• What does the term "trans" refer to in isomerism?

  Groups on opposite sides of the double bond
• How do you determine if an alkene has E/Z isomerism?

  Check if groups are on the same or opposite sides
• What is the significance of having different priority groups in E/Z isomerism?

  It helps in naming the isomers correctly
• What is the simplest alkene with no stereoisomerism?

  Ethene
• Why does but-2-ene exhibit E/Z isomerism?

  It has different groups on each carbon of the double bond
• What is the relationship between E/Z isomerism and the presence of hydrogen atoms?

  Hydrogens must be on different carbons
• How do you name the isomers based on their configuration?

  Use Z or E before the alkene name
• What is the importance of understanding E/Z isomerism in chemistry?

  It affects chemical properties and reactivity
• What is the term used for isomers with different spatial arrangements of atoms?

  Stereoisomers
• How do you determine the naming of isomers based on their groups?

  By identifying highest priority groups
• If a carbon is double bonded to another carbon with various substituents, what should you look for to name it?

  Highest priority groups on each side
• What is the significance of relative atomic mass in determining priority groups?

  It helps identify the highest priority substituents
• Which element has the highest relative atomic mass in the example given?

  Bromine
• What does it mean if the highest priority groups are on the same side of a double bond?

  It indicates a Z isomer
• What does it mean if the highest priority groups are on opposite sides of a double bond?

  It indicates an E isomer
• What is the first step in determining the priority of groups attached to a carbon?

  Identify the largest relative atomic mass
• What is the CIP priority rule used for?

  To determine the priority of substituents
• How would you identify the Z isomer of a compound?

  By ensuring highest priority groups are together
• Why might a question about priority groups be tricky in an exam?

  Because of similar atomic numbers in groups
• What is the atomic mass of chlorine?

  35.5
• What is the significance of restricted rotation around a double bond?

  It allows for stereoisomer formation
• How do you draw the structure of E and Z stereoisomers for hex-3-ene?

  Focus on the double bond and substituents
• What is the structural formula for hex-3-ene?

  C6H10
• What does the term "highest priority group" refer to in stereochemistry?

  The group with the largest atomic mass
• How can you differentiate between E and Z isomers when drawing structures?

  By checking the position of highest priority groups
• What is the feature of the double bond that causes stereoisomerism?

  Restricted rotation
• What is the importance of knowing the E/Z nomenclature in organic chemistry?

  It helps in identifying stereoisomers
• How do you determine the E or Z configuration for 3-methylpent-2-ene?

  By analyzing the substituents across the double bond