UAM

• invol manslaughter - where d commits murder then relies on involuntary as partial defence
• d does not satisfy mr so gets reduced sentence of manslaughter
• uam - d commits a criminal act in a dangerous circumstances which leads to the death of v
• objective test - any sober and reasonable person in d's position would recognise some harm to v
• 3 elements - unlawful act, objectively dangerous, causing death
• the unlawful act must be criminal offence not a civil wrong
• church - objective test
• self injection breaks the chain (Kennedy)
• can be a chain of events (Larkin) (Mitchell)
• act doesnt need to be aimed at a person (good fellow)
• causation - normal rules apply (pagett)